ArticleClinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society2014
Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiac autonomic modulation.
Article in Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Interaction between cardiovascular autonomic control and sex hormones in perimenopausal women under menopausal hormone therapy.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2018Article
- Circulatory and Ventilatory Power: Characterization in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2015Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy postmenopausal women.
methodsTwo groups were evaluated: group 1 (G1): 20 women not undergoing HRT (60 ± 5.89 years), group 2 (G2): 20 women undergoing HRT (59 ± 5.70 years). The HRTs involved were either conjugated equine estrogen with or without medroxyprogesterone, synthetic estrogen hormone, estradiol associated with norethisterone acetate or isoflavonoids. Electrocardiogram was recorded in the supine position for 10 min. Spectral analysis included low and high frequencies in absolute (LF and HF) and normalized units (LFnu and HFnu), which are predominantly cardiac sympathetic modulation (CSM) and cardiac vagal modulation (CVM) indicators, respectively. The LF/HF ratio was also calculated. Symbolic analysis involved the following indexes: 0V % (CSM indicator), 1V % (CSM and CVM indicators), 2LV % (predominantly CVM indicator) and 2UV % (CVM indicator). Shannon and conditional entropies were also calculated.
resultsSpectral analysis demonstrated that HRT affected HRV. LF, LFnu and LF/HF ratio were higher (showing increased CSM), while HFnu was lower (representing decreased CVM) in G2 than in G1. Correlations between complexity indices and HFnu were significant and positive only in G1.
interpretationWomen undergoing HRT presented higher CSM and lower CVM than those who were not. Moreover, the expected positive relationship between CVM and complexity of HRV was found only in control group, thus indicating that CVM in women under therapy drop below a minimal value necessary to the association to become apparent, suggesting an unfavorable cardiac autonomic modulation in spite of HRT.
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