ReviewImmunological reviews2014
Xenotransplantation: immunological hurdles and progress toward tolerance.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetically engineered porcine liver: a new era in transplantation.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Jewish Perspectives on Porcine Xenotransplantation: Balancing Religious Ethics and Medical Necessity in Israel.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- Hemolysis-induced hepatic ferroptosis following xenotransfusion of genetically modified pig red blood cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Coordinated circulating and tissue-based T cell responses precede xenograft rejection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Ultrastructural assessment of human periodontal ligament fibroblast interaction with bovine pericardium membranes: AnHistology and histopathology · 2025Article
- Current status of xenotransplantation from an immunobiological standpoint.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Thymic Mimetic Cells: Evolutionarily Ancient Mirrors of the Periphery.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Use of regulatory cells for achieving functional tolerance of pig heart xenotransplants in humans: a literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunoprotection Strategies in β-Cell Replacement Therapy: A Closer Look at Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Can a Rat Breathe through a Mouse's Lung?American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Progress in cancer research on the regulator of phagocytosis CD47, which determines the fate of tumor cells (Review).Oncology letters · 2024Review
- Cutting edge of immune response and immunosuppressants in allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Heart immunoengineering by lentiviral vector-mediated genetic modification during normothermicFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Current Challenges and Future Promise for Use of Extracellular Matrix Scaffold to Achieve the Whole Organ Tissue Engineering Moonshot.Stem cells translational medicine · 2023Review
- Porcine heart xenotransplanation in brain-dead decedents.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Kidney Xenotransplantation: Are We Ready for Prime Time?Current urology reports · 2023Review
- Immune characterization of a xenogeneic human lung cross-circulation support system.Science advances · 2023Article
- Anti-tumor activity of intratumoral xenogeneic urothelial cell monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy in syngeneic murine models of bladder cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The discrepancy between organ need and organ availability represents one of the major limitations in the field of transplantation. One possible solution to this problem is xenotransplantation. Research in this field has identified several obstacles that have so far prevented the successful development of clinical xenotransplantation protocols. The main immunologic barriers include strong T-cell and B-cell responses to solid organ and cellular xenografts. In addition, components of the innate immune system can mediate xenograft rejection. Here, we review these immunologic and physiologic barriers and describe some of the strategies that we and others have developed to overcome them. We also describe the development of two strategies to induce tolerance across the xenogeneic barrier, namely thymus transplantation and mixed chimerism, from their inception in rodent models through their current progress in preclinical large animal models. We believe that the addition of further beneficial transgenes to Gal knockout swine, combined with new therapies such as Treg administration, will allow for successful clinical application of xenotransplantation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.