ReviewGut and liver2014
Clostridium difficile infection: a worldwide disease.
Review in Gut and liver, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 269 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection based on hospital surveillance data: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Pooled it
- Global burden ofJournal of global health · 2019Pooled it
- The emergence of Clostridium difficile infection in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and impact.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of short-term endurance exercise on gut microbiota in elderly men.Physiological reports · 2018Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of Clostridium difficile toxoid vaccine in Japanese adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Trial
- Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates from a Phase 2 clinical trial of cadazolid and vancomycin in C. difficile infection.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2016Trial
- Unveiling the Th17/Treg imbalance: a key player inGut microbes · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Epidemiology ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations Between BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panel Results and Clinical Outcomes in Infectious Gastroenteritis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biochemical characterization and X-ray structural and mutagenic analyses of the putative autolysin CdCwlT33800 catalytic domain fromApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- The Impact of Diet on Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Review.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national burdens ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CCFM1222 Ameliorated the Intestinal Barrier and Regulated Gut Microbiota in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Global Patterns ofCrohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- Global burden of diarrhea disease in the older adult and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: a comprehensive analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Deadly Diarrhea Caused by Co-Infection ofInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- The GBD 2021 perspective: COVID-19's impact on diarrheal mortality and etiological trends, 1990-2021.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile, an anaerobic toxigenic bacterium, causes a severe infectious colitis that leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both enhanced bacterial toxins and diminished host immune response contribute to symptomatic disease. C. difficile has been a well-established pathogen in North America and Europe for decades, but is just emerging in Asia. This article reviews the epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management of C. difficile. Prompt recognition of C. difficile is necessary to implement appropriate infection control practices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.