Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24516649›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

Initial effects of the National PCV7 Childhood Immunization Program on adult invasive pneumococcal disease in Israel.

Gili Regev-Yochay, Galia Rahav, Klaris Riesenberg, Yonit Wiener-Well, Jacob Strahilevitz, Michal Stein, Daniel Glikman, Gabriel Weber, Israel Potasman, Ron Dagan and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract readEvaluation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.

Gili Regev-YochayInfectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Galia RahavInfectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Klaris RiesenbergInfectious Disease Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Yonit Wiener-WellInfectious Disease Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Jacob StrahilevitzDepartment of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Disease, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Michal SteinPediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.
Daniel GlikmanPediatric Infectious Disease Service, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel.
Gabriel WeberInfectious Disease Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
Israel PotasmanInfectious Disease Unit, Bnei-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
Ron DaganPediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Soroka University Medical Center & Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
IAIPD study group
Sheba Medical Center · ILBen-Gurion University of the Negev · ILBnai Zion Medical Center · ILCarmel Medical Center · ILHebrew University of Jerusalem · ILShaare Zedek Medical Center · ILSoroka Medical Center · ILWestern Galilee Hospital · ILWolfson Medical Center · IL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPCV7 was introduced as universal childhood vaccination in Israel in July 2009 and PCV13 in November 2010. Here we report data on adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), two years post PCV7 implementation and before an expected effect of PCV13.

methodsAn ongoing nationwide active-surveillance (all 27 laboratories performing blood cultures in Israel), providing all blood & CSF S. pneumoniae isolates from persons >18 y was initiated in July 2009. Capture-recapture method assured reporting of >95% cases. All isolates were serotyped in one central laboratory. IPD outcome and medical history were recorded in 90%. Second year post PCV implementation is compared to the first year.

resultsDuring July 2009 to June 2011, 970 IPD cases were reported (annual incidence [/100,000] of 9.17 and 10.16 in the two consecutive years, respectively). Respective case fatality rates (CFRs) were 20% and 19.1%. Incidence of IPD and CFR increased with age and number of comorbidities. Incidence rate was significantly greater during the second winter, 7.79/100,000 vs. 6.14/100,000 in first winter, p = 0.004, with a non-significant decrease during summer months (3.02 to 2.48/100,000). The proportion of IPD cases due to PCV7-serotypes decreased from 27.5% to 13.1% (first to second year) (p<0.001). Yet, non-PCV13-strains increased from 32.7% to 40.2% (p = 0.017). The increase in non-PCV13-strains was highly significant in immunocompromised patients and to a lesser degree in non-immunocompromised at risk or in older patients (>64 y). Among younger/healthier patients serotype 5 was the major increasing serotype. Penicillin and ceftriaxone resistance decreased significantly in the second year.

conclusionsWhile overall annual incidence of IPD did not change, the indirect effect of PCV7 vaccination was evident by the significant decrease in PCV7 serotypes across all age groups. Increase in non-VT13 strains was significant in immunocompromised patients. A longer follow-up is required to appreciate the full effect of infant vaccination on annual IPD.

Indexed as

Immunization ProgramsPneumococcal VaccinesAdultFemaleHumansIncidenceIsraelMalePneumococcal InfectionsPopulation SurveillanceSerotypingStreptococcus pneumoniaePneumococcal Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID24516649
PMCPMC3917916
OpenAlexW2034621151

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.