Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24515923›Full record

Trial reportNeurorehabilitation and neural repair2014

Modular ankle robotics training in early subacute stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Larry W Forrester, Anindo Roy, Amanda Krywonis, Glenn Kehs, Hermano Igo Krebs, Richard F Macko

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02249832 nacompletednot on this map

The General Use of Robots in Stroke Recovery: the Anklebot

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorthwell HealthRan2013 to 2019Enrolled55ConditionsStrokeArmsseated robot-assisted ankle therapy
NCT04137809 nawithdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

TREAT Foot Drop After Stroke With Ankle Robot

TypeinterventionalSponsorNextStep Robotics Inc.Ran2020 to 2020Enrolled0ConditionsFoot Drop, Stroke, HemiparesisArmsAMBLE
NCT05333562 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Motor Control Exercises With and Without Neural Mobilization on Postural Control of Older Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2021 to 2021Enrolled40ConditionsPostural ControlArmsMotor control exercise, Motor control exercise with mobilization
NCT07091045 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Structured Foot-Ankle Sensorimotor Training in Stroke Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedipol UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled30ConditionsStrokeArmsRobot-Assisted Foot-Ankle Training, Conventional Foot-Ankle Training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. The Improvement of Walking Ability Following Stroke.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2018
    Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
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  10. Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Larry W ForresterUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA VA RR&D Maryland Exercise and Robotics Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD, USA lforrester@som.umaryland.edu.
Anindo RoyUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA VA RR&D Maryland Exercise and Robotics Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD, USA University of Maryland School of Engineering, College Park, MD, USA.
Amanda KrywonisUniversity of Maryland Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Glenn KehsUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA University of Maryland Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hermano Igo KrebsUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Richard F MackoUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA VA RR&D Maryland Exercise and Robotics Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD, USA Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
University of Maryland, Baltimore · USVeterans Health Administration · US

Funding

University of Maryland Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (UM-OAIC)P30AG028747 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI ALICE S. RYAN · 2006 to 2026
$28.9M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG028747NIA NIH HHS P30-AG028747
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

unlabelledBACKGROUND. Modular lower extremity robotics may offer a valuable avenue for restoring neuromotor control after hemiparetic stroke. Prior studies show that visually guided and visually evoked practice with an ankle robot (anklebot) improves paretic ankle motor control that translates into improved overground walking.

objectiveTo assess the feasibility and efficacy of daily anklebot training during early subacute hospitalization poststroke.

methodsThirty-four inpatients from a stroke unit were randomly assigned to anklebot (n = 18) or passive manual stretching (n = 16) treatments. All suffered a first stroke with residual hemiparesis (ankle manual muscle test grade 1/5 to 4/5), and at least trace muscle activation in plantar- or dorsiflexion. Anklebot training employed an "assist-as-needed" approach during >200 volitional targeted paretic ankle movements, with difficulty adjusted to active range of motion and success rate. Stretching included >200 daily mobilizations in these same ranges. All sessions lasted 1 hour and assessments were not blinded.

resultsBoth groups walked faster at discharge; however, the robot group improved more in percentage change of temporal symmetry (P = .032) and also of step length symmetry (P = .038), with longer nonparetic step lengths in the robot (133%) versus stretching (31%) groups. Paretic ankle control improved in the robot group, with increased peak (P ≤ .001) and mean (P ≤ .01) angular speeds, and increased movement smoothness (P ≤ .01). There were no adverse events.

conclusionThough limited by small sample size and restricted entry criteria, our findings suggest that modular lower extremity robotics during early subacute hospitalization is well tolerated and improves ankle motor control and gait patterning.

Indexed as

Physical Therapy ModalitiesStroke RehabilitationAgedAnkleFeasibility StudiesGaitHumansMiddle AgedParesisPilot ProjectsRecovery of FunctionRoboticsStrokeWalkingankle motor controlankle robotgaitrehabilitation roboticssubacute stroke

Identifiers

PMID24515923
PMCPMC4127380
OpenAlexW2027814190

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.