ReviewCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2014
Interleukin 12: still a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy?
Review in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 277 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
277 citing papers in PubMed, 478 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase II Trial of Interleukin-12 Followed by Interferon Alfa-2b in Patients with Metastatic Malignant Melanoma: Results from CALGB 500001 (Alliance).Cancer immunology research · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Advances inMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- αHSA-proIL-12: A Tumor-Conditional IL-12 Prodrug with Reduced Systemic Toxicity and Potent Antitumor Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting immunosuppressive myeloid cells via implant-mediated slow release of small molecules to prevent glioblastoma recurrence.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Development of bicistronic plasmids and fusion proteins for clinical translation of tumor immune reprogramming.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Article
- A Literature Review of Interleukins in the Development and Treatment of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Application of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors: current opportunities and challenges.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- IL-12-releasing nanoparticles for effective immunotherapy of metastatic ovarian cancer.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Targeting IL-12 for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy: advances in delivery strategies and clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Intratumoral delivery of 4-1BBL boosts IL-12-triggered anti-glioma immunity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Dendritic cell-targeted liposomes for cancer immunotherapy via inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon receptor.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- In Situ Vaccines in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Conceptual Innovation and Clinical Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Click-to-Release for Controlled Immune Cell Activation: Tumor-Targeted Unmasking of an IL12 Prodrug.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Recombinant Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Expressing Mouse Interleukin-12 and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (rVSV-dM51-mIL12-mGMCSF) for Immunotherapy of Lung Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cascade amplification of therapeutic payloads for cancer immunotherapy.Communications biology · 2025Article
- The oncolytic adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12 in primary or progressive pediatric IDH wild-type diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma results of two phase I clinical trials.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Genetically engineered macrophages reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve immunotherapeutic efficacy in TNBC.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
217 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) seemed to represent the ideal candidate for tumor immunotherapy, due to its ability to activate both innate (NK cells) and adaptive (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) immunities. However, despite encouraging results in animal models, very modest antitumor effects of IL-12 in early clinical trials, often accompanied by unacceptable levels of adverse events, markedly dampened hopes of the successful use of this cytokine in cancer patients. Recently, several clinical studies have been initiated in which IL-12 is applied as an adjuvant in cancer vaccines, in gene therapy including locoregional injections of IL-12 plasmid and in the form of tumor-targeting immunocytokines (IL-12 fused to monoclonal antibodies). The near future will show whether this renewed interest in the use of IL-12 in oncology will result in meaningful therapeutic effects in a select group of cancer patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.