ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2014
Comparison of the reinforcing properties of nicotine and cigarette smoke extract in rats.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cigarette Smoke Extract and Nicotine Evoke Similar Interoceptive Effects in a Pavlovian Occasion Setting Task in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Present in Tobacco Modulate Dopamine Balance Via the Dopamine Transporter.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Dopamine and Norepinephrine Tissue Levels in the Developing Limbic Brain Are Impacted by the HumanInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Review
- Impact of tobacco smoke constituents on nicotine-seeking behavior in adolescent and adult male rats.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke extract increases nicotine withdrawal symptoms in adult and adolescent male rats.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2023Article
- Method of Preparation of Cigarette Smoke Extract to Assess Lung Cancer-Associated Changes in Airway Epithelial Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Sex- and genotype-dependent nicotine plus cue-primed reinstatement is enhanced in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats containing the humanFrontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Non-nicotine constituents in cigarette smoke extract enhance nicotine addiction through monoamine oxidase A inhibition.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Monoamine oxidase inhibition in cigarette smokers: From preclinical studies to tobacco product regulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Cigarette Smoke Extract, but Not Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extract, Inhibits Monoamine OxidaseFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Biologically Active Compounds Present in Tobacco Smoke: Potential Interactions Between Smoking and Mental Health.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Sales of cigarettes to pseudo-underage mystery shoppers: Experiences from Stockholm County.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2021Article
- α-Conotoxin TxID and [S9K]TxID, α3β4 nAChR Antagonists, Attenuate Expression and Reinstatement of Nicotine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice.Marine drugs · 2020Article
- Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke extract upregulates nicotinic receptor binding in adult and adolescent rats.Neuropharmacology · 2020Article
- Unique, long-term effects of nicotine on adolescent brain.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Review
- Cocaine potently blocks neuronal αActa pharmacologica Sinica · 2020Article
- Comparison of the Relative Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Nicotine Alone in Adolescent Rats: A Behavioral Economic Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Differences in mechanisms underlying reinstatement of cigarette smoke extract- and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats.Neuropharmacology · 2020Article
- Using Product Standards to Render the Most Harmful Tobacco Products Minimally Addictive: Maximum Nicotine Level, Non-Nicotine Constituents, and Scope.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tobacco dependence is difficult to treat, with the vast majority of those who try to quit relapsing within the first year. Improvements in smoking cessation therapies may be achieved by improving current preclinical research methods. However, most experimental tests in animals use nicotine alone, ignoring the 8000 other constituents found in tobacco smoke. To improve on this model, we have used self-administration to test the reinforcing properties of aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in rats, made by bubbling cigarette smoke through a saline solution. CSE is more potent than nicotine alone in both the acquisition and maintenance of self-administration, but did not exhibit higher progressive ratio responding. Mecamylamine and varenicline had similar potencies to block nicotine and CSE self-administration, indicating the involvement of nicotinic receptors in CSE reinforcement. Following extinction of responding, reinstatement was triggered by exposing animals to a pharmacological stressor, yohimbine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), alone and in combination with cues. Animals that self-administered CSE were significantly more sensitive to stress-induced reinstatement than those that self-administered nicotine. Ligand binding autoradiography studies showed nicotine and CSE to have similar affinities for different nicotinic receptor types. CSE significantly reduced MAO-A and MAO-B activities in vitro, whereas nicotine did not. Although CSE inhibition of MAO-A activity in vitro was found to be partially irreversible, irreversible inhibition was not observed in vivo. These experiments show that CSE is an effective reinforcer acting via nicotinic receptors. Furthermore, it better models MAO inhibition and is more sensitive to stress-induced reinstatement than nicotine alone, which is a potent trigger for relapse in smokers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.