ArticleBMC microbiology2014
Hyperexpression of α-hemolysin explains enhanced virulence of sequence type 93 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low Panton-Valentine leukocidin prevalence in circulating community MRSA: a genomic surveillance study in Qatar.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Pathogenicity Mechanisms ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Methicillin-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Efficacy and clinical potential of phage therapy in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: A review.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2024Review
- Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Anti-Alpha-Toxin Antibody Responses and Clinical Outcomes ofJournal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Review
- Significant variability exists in the cytotoxicity of global methicillin-resistantMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2021Article
- Article
- Rsp promotes the transcription of virulence factors in anEmerging microbes & infections · 2020Article
- Using genomics to understand meticillin- and vancomycin-resistantMicrobial genomics · 2020Review
- Article
- Myrtenol Attenuates MRSA Biofilm and Virulence by SuppressingFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- A Genome-Wide Screen Identifies Factors Involved inFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Genetic diversity ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2018Article
- Disarming Staphylococcus aureus from destroying human cells by simultaneously neutralizing six cytotoxins with two human monoclonal antibodies.Virulence · 2018Article
- Molecular epidemiology of the community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clones: a synthetic review.Clujul medical (1957) · 2018Review
- Global Scale Dissemination of ST93: A DivergentFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Virulence Factor Targeting of the Bacterial Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus for Vaccine and Therapeutics.Current drug targets · 2018Review
- High burden of complicated skin and soft tissue infections in the Indigenous population of Central Australia due to dominant Panton Valentine leucocidin clones ST93-MRSA and CC121-MSSA.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) ST93 clone is becoming dominant in Australia and is clinically highly virulent. In addition, sepsis and skin infection models demonstrate that ST93 CA-MRSA is the most virulent global clone of S. aureus tested to date. While the determinants of virulence have been studied in other clones of CA-MRSA, the basis for hypervirulence in ST93 CA-MRSA has not been defined.
resultsHere, using a geographically and temporally dispersed collection of ST93 isolates we demonstrate that the ST93 population hyperexpresses key CA-MRSA exotoxins, in particular α-hemolysin, in comparison to other global clones. Gene deletion and complementation studies, and virulence comparisons in a murine skin infection model, showed unequivocally that increased expression of α-hemolysin is the key staphylococcal virulence determinant for this clone. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics of strains with divergent exotoxin profiles demonstrated that, like other S. aureus clones, the quorum sensing agr system is the master regulator of toxin expression and virulence in ST93 CA-MRSA. However, we also identified a previously uncharacterized AraC/XylS family regulator (AryK) that potentiates toxin expression and virulence in S. aureus.
conclusionsThese data demonstrate that hyperexpression of α-hemolysin mediates enhanced virulence in ST93 CA-MRSA, and additional control of exotoxin production, in particular α-hemolysin, mediated by regulatory systems other than agr have the potential to fine-tune virulence in CA-MRSA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.