ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2014
Comparison of in vitro dialysis release methods of loperamide-encapsulated liposomal gel for topical drug delivery.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- A Novel Bioactive Emulgel withGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Bioactive Emulgel Formulation ofGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Topical Therapy of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: An Insight into the Mechanism of Action.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Optimized Rutin-incorporating PEGylated Nanoliposomes as a Model with Remarkable Selectivity Against PANC1 and MCF7 Cell Lines.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Nanotechnology Platform for the Delivery of Docetaxel and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Alopecia Management Potential of Rosemary-Based Nanoemulgel Loaded with Metformin: Approach Combining Active Essential Oil and Repurposed Drug.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Fabrication and application of targeted ciprofloxacin nanocarriers for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2024Article
- Synthesis and characterization of fullerene-based nanocarrier for targeted delivery of quercetin to the brain.Therapeutic delivery · 2024Article
- Preparation and characterization of a curcumin nanoemulsion gel for the effective treatment of mycoses.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Using surface plasmon resonance, capillary electrophoresis and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy to study drug release kinetics.Communications chemistry · 2023Article
- Rectal Bioavailability of Amoxicillin from Hollow-Type Suppositories: Effect of Chemical Form of Amoxicillin.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Preparation andArchives of Razi Institute · 2023Article
- Formulation Development and Evaluation of Indian Propolis Hydrogel for Wound Healing.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Contest of Nanoparticles: Searching for the Most Effective Topical Delivery of Corticosteroids.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Transferrin-Functionalized Liposomes for the Delivery of Gallic Acid: A Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer's Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Effect of drug-to-lipid ratio on nanodisc-based tenofovir drug delivery to the brain for HIV-1 infection.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2022Article
- Thermosensitive Poly(DHSe/PEG/PPG Urethane)-Based Hydrogel Extended Remdesivir Application in Ophthalmic Medication.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Epichlorohydrin-β-Cyclodextrin/Curcumin Binary Systems Embedded in a PluronicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Self-Assembled Disulfide Bond Bearing Paclitaxel-Camptothecin Prodrug Nanoparticle for Lung Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate dialysis equilibrium method to assess liposomal gel formulations containing hydrophobic drugs, to give the most accurate indication of drug release.
methodsLoperamide hydrochloride-encapsulated liposomes, composed of L-α-phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (molar ratio of 2:1), were prepared according to the method of dried lipid film hydration. The liposomes were incorporated into a carbopol gel (0.5%, weight/weight). The release of the drug from the nanoparticles was assessed using a number of variations of the dialysis technique, taking into account solubility parameters and formulation. Method 1 (below saturation point) and Method 2 (above saturation point) used a dilution method to evaluate how drug concentration and solubility affects the in vitro drug-release profile of loperamide hydrochloride, while Methods 3 (below saturation point) and 4 (above saturation point) evaluated how drug concentration and the gel base affect the release profile.
resultsIn Method 1, the liposomes showed a rapid release of just over 60% in the first 3 hours and then a slower, sustained release to just over 70% at 24 hours. Method 2 showed a gradual, sustained release profile with the liposomes with 55% release at 24 hours. In Method 3, the liposomes showed a rapid burst release of 98% at 2 hours. In Method 4, the liposomal gel had a rapid release of 60% within 3 hours and then a more gradual, sustained release with 86% release at 24 hours. The free drug suspension in Methods 2 and 4 showed a limited release across the dialysis membrane, in comparison to Methods 1 and 3, which showed a complete release in a timely manner.
conclusionThis study has demonstrated that the actual method used for equilibrium dialysis plays a significant role in determining the true characteristics of a topical nanoformulation, with Method 3 providing the most accurate indication of the release of a hydrophobic drug from a topical liposomal formulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.