Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24510493›Full record

ArticleNeurology2014

Sex differences in quality of life after ischemic stroke.

Cheryl D Bushnell, Mathew J Reeves, Xin Zhao, Wenqin Pan, Janet Prvu-Bettger, Louise Zimmer, Daiwai Olson, Eric Peterson

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04576598 (Assessment of the Level of Physical Activity and Sedentarism of Stroke Survivors in the Valencian Community and Development of a Specific Self-management Program), which is not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04576598 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Assessment of the Level of Physical Activity and Sedentarism of Stroke Survivors in the Valencian Community and Development of a Specific Self-management Program

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ValenciaRan2020 to 2026Enrolled128ConditionsStroke SequelaeArmsSelf-management program to increase physical activity levels, Education information
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
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  12. Article
  13. Utility-weighted modified rankin scale scores in patients with ischemic stroke: a multicenter observational study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Observational
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Sexual Function and Quality of Life in Individuals Post Stroke.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2025
    Article
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Review

32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Cheryl D BushnellFrom Wake Forest School of Medicine (C.D.B.), Department of Neurology and Women's Health Center of Excellence for Leadership, Research, and Education, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (M.J.R.), Michigan State University, East Lansing; Duke Clinical Research Institute (X.Z., W.P., J.P.-B., L.Z., E.P.), Durham; Duke University School of Nursing (J.P.-B.), Durham, NC; and University of Texas Southwestern (D.O.), Houston.
Mathew J Reeves
Xin Zhao
Wenqin Pan
Janet Prvu-Bettger
Louise Zimmer
Daiwai Olson
Eric Peterson

Funding

Duke Cardiovascular CERTsU18HS016964 · AHRQ · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI PETERSON, ERIC DAVID · 2007 to 2010
$3.7M
Sex Differences in Vascular Markers of Stroke RiskK02NS058760 · NINDS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BUSHNELL, CHERYL D · 2008 to 2012
$788k
AHRQ HHS U18HS016964NINDS NIH HHS KO2 NS058760
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe aimed to compare quality of life (QOL) in women and men after ischemic stroke or TIA, and to determine the incremental impact of demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and stroke-specific effects on longitudinal QOL.

methodsWe assessed QOL in patients with ischemic stroke or TIA at 3 and 12 months postdischarge in the Adherence eValuation After Ischemic stroke-Longitudinal Registry using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) instrument. We generated multivariable linear regression models to evaluate the association between sex and EQ-5D while sequentially adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and stroke-related variables. We also used a proportional odds model to assess sex differences in the change in EQ-5D scores from 3 to 12 months.

resultsA total of 1,370 patients were included, 53.7% male, median age 65 years (interquartile range 56-77 years). Women had significantly lower QOL at 3 months (unadjusted EQ-5D 0.81 in women vs 0.84 in men; p < 0.001) and 12 months (0.83 vs men 0.84; p < 0.001) poststroke. After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographic, clinical, and stroke-related factors, women continued to have lower QOL at 3 months (mean difference -0.036; p = 0.003) and at 12 months (mean difference -0.022; p = 0.046). Women fared worse in the dimensions of mobility, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression at 3 and 12 months. There were no sex differences in change in EQ-5D score from 3 to 12 months.

conclusionWomen have worse QOL than men up to 12 months after stroke, even after adjusting for important sociodemographic variables, stroke severity, and disability.

Indexed as

Quality of LifeSex CharacteristicsAgedFemaleHumansIschemiaIschemic Attack, TransientLinear ModelsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedStroke

Identifiers

PMID24510493
PMCPMC4211921

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.