Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24510182›Full record

SynthesisAmerican journal of hypertension2014

Sodium intake and renal outcomes: a systematic review.

Andrew Smyth, Martin J O'Donnell, Salim Yusuf, Catherine M Clase, Koon K Teo, Michelle Canavan, Donal N Reddan, Johannes F E Mann

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in American journal of hypertension, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Chronic kidney disease.BMJ clinical evidence · 2015
    Pooled it
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  5. Review
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  16. Article
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  18. Contribution of major food companies and their products to household dietary sodium purchases in Australia.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2020
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Regional variation in chronic kidney disease and associated factors in hypertensive individuals in rural South Asia: findings from control of blood pressure and risk attenuation-Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Andrew Smythandrewsmyth@physicians.ie.
Martin J O'DonnellHealth Research Board Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
Salim YusufPopulation Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
Catherine M ClaseDepartment of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
Koon K TeoPopulation Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
Michelle CanavanHealth Research Board Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland;
Donal N ReddanDepartment of Nephrology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland;
Johannes F E MannPopulation Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Hypertension & Rheumatology, Munich General Hospitals, Munich, Germany.
Health Research Board · IEPopulation Health Research Institute · CAFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg · DEMcMaster University · CAUniversity Hospital Galway · IE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSodium intake is an important determinant of blood pressure; therefore, reduction of intake may be an attractive population-based target for chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevention. Most guidelines recommend sodium intake of < 2.3 g/day, based on limited evidence. We reviewed the association between sodium intake and renal outcomes.

methodsWe reviewed cohort studies and clinical trials, which were retrieved by searching electronic databases, that evaluated the association between sodium intake/excretion and measures of renal function, proteinuria, or new need for dialysis.

resultsOf 4,337 reviewed citations, seven (n = 8,129) were eligible, including six cohort studies (n = 7,942) and one clinical trial (n = 187). Four studies (n = 1,787) included patients with CKD. All four cohort studies reported that high intake (> 4.6 g/day) was associated with adverse outcomes (vs. moderate/low), while none reported an increased risk with moderate intake (vs. low). Three studies (n = 6,342) included patients without CKD. Two cohort studies (n = 6,155) reported opposing directions of association between low (vs. moderate) sodium intake and renal outcomes, and one clinical trial (n = 187) reported a benefit from low intake (vs. moderate) on proteinuria but an adverse effect on serum creatinine.

conclusionsAvailable, but limited, evidence supports an association between high sodium intake (> 4.6g/day) and adverse outcomes. However, the association with low intake (vs. moderate) is uncertain, with inconsistent findings from cohort studies. There is urgent need to clarify the long-term efficacy and safety of currently recommended low sodium intake in patients with CKD.

Indexed as

Sodium, DietaryHumansHypertensionKidney Failure, ChronicProteinuriaRenal DialysisRenal Insufficiency, ChronicSodium, Dietaryblood pressurechronic kidney diseaseclinical epidemiologyhypertensionnutrition.

Identifiers

PMID24510182
OpenAlexW2166880322

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.