ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2014
Height, adiposity and hormonal cardiovascular risk markers in childhood: how to partition the associations?
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of polycystic ovary syndrome with metabolic syndrome and its components in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- External validation of a prediction model for estimating fat mass in children and adolescents in 19 countries: individual participant data meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Fat-Free Mass and Glucose Metabolism in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Body composition, physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in 9-year-old children.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Differences in the relationship of weight to height, and thus the meaning of BMI, according to age, sex, and birth year cohort.Annals of human biology · 2020Article
- Hormonal Biomarkers for Evaluating the Impact of Fetal Growth Restriction on the Development of Chronic Adult Disease.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2019Review
- Plasma cholinesterase is associated with Chinese adolescent overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome prediction.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2019Article
- Salivary Leptin Level in Young Adult Males and its Association with Anthropometric Measurements, Fat Distribution and Muscle Mass.European endocrinology · 2018Review
- Article
- From Sea to Shining Sea and the Great Plains to Patagonia: A Review on Current Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Review
- Racial Differences in Aortic Stiffness in Children.The Journal of pediatrics · 2017Article
- Disentangling the associations between parental BMI and offspring body composition using the four-component model.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2016Article
- Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Article
- Introducing excess body weight in childhood and adolescence and comparison with body mass index and waist-to-height ratio.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2015Article
- Commentary: The paradox of body mass index in obesity assessment: not a good index of adiposity, but not a bad index of cardio-metabolic risk.International journal of epidemiology · 2014Article
- Stunting, adiposity, and the individual-level "dual burden" among urban lowland and rural highland Peruvian children.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology CouncilArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveObesity is associated with rapid growth during childhood. There is uncertainty over how to adjust for body size, when using adiposity as a proxy for cardiovascular risk. We studied associations of height, body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and cardiovascular risk markers (insulin resistance (IR), leptin) in children.
methodsUsing partial correlations in 172 children aged 7-12 years, we investigated associations of (a) fat mass with IR or leptin, adjusting for height or lean mass, and (b) height or lean mass with IR or leptin, adjusting for fat mass. Analyses were conducted both cross-sectionally at each age, and for changes between 7 and 12 years.
resultsHeight, fat mass, lean mass, IR and leptin were all inter-correlated at all ages. Although fat mass was strongly associated with IR and leptin, height was independently negatively associated with leptin (whole sample, adjusting for age: boys r=-0.12, girls r=-0.13; P<0.001). Independent of adiposity, height was also associated with insulin IR (whole sample, adjusting for age: boys r=0.11, girls r=0.20; P<0.001). When analysed by year of age, these associations tended to remain significant at older ages. Change in height from 7 to 12 years was also associated with change in IR (boys: r=0.18, P<0.05; girls: r=0.34, P<0.01), independently of change in adiposity, with similar findings for lean mass.
conclusionsDuring childhood, markers of cardiovascular risk have a complex profile, associated with growth as well as fat accumulation. Taller and faster-growing children have elevated risk markers, independently of their adiposity. These findings have implications for the interpretation of pediatric indices of adiposity that aim to adjust for body size. Adiposity indices that perform best at summarizing metabolic risk may not be those that perform best at understanding the developmental aetiology of risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.