ReviewHandbook of clinical neurology2014
Infections and multiple sclerosis.
Review in Handbook of clinical neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Timing and Predictive Value of Clinical Conditions Preceding Multiple Sclerosis in the UK Biobank.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Environmental and Familial Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis: Insights from a Saudi Arabian Cohort.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis and infection: history, EBV, and the search for mechanism.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- The impact of social and environmental factors on triggering multiple sclerosis onset, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study from Iran.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Latent microbial infections leading to myelin and axonal damage in multiple sclerosis: A narrative review.Current journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends.Journal of immunology research · 2024Review
- The Use of Stem Cells as a Potential Treatment Method for Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases: Review.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Sudden Death Associated With Possible Flare-Ups of Multiple Sclerosis After COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Review
- Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Outcomes of RIP Kinase Signaling During Neuroinvasive Viral Infection.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Vaccination Coverage against Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis and Poliomyelitis and Validity of Self-Reported Vaccination Status in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Genome-Wide Characterization of Zebrafish Endogenous Retroviruses Reveals Unexpected Diversity in Genetic Organizations and Functional Potentials.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after COVID-19 infection and subsequent ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Epigenetic Plasticity Enables CNS-Trafficking of EBV-infected B Lymphocytes.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Safety and efficacy of daclizumab beta in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in a 5-year open-label study (EXTEND): final results following early termination.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2021Article
- Risk factors of multiple sclerosis in Aseer region, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaNeurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2021Article
- Exacerbation of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in concomitance with COVID-19.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2020Article
- The Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Demyelination of the Central Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown cause. Increasing evidence suggests that the disease develops as a result of interactions between the environment and the immune system in genetically susceptible individuals. It has long been recognized that infections may serve as environmental triggers for the disease, and a large number of pathogens have been proposed to be associated with multiple sclerosis. Here, we detail the historical basis linking infections to multiple sclerosis and review the epidemiology of the disease, which suggests a possible relationship with infectious agents. We also describe pathophysiologic studies in animals and other human demyelinating diseases that have demonstrated a variety of mechanisms by which infectious agents may induce chronic, relapsing central nervous system disease with myelin damage and relative preservation of axons, similar to multiple sclerosis. In addition, we discuss recent studies in individuals with multiple sclerosis indicating enhanced immune responses to infectious antigens, though not consistently demonstrating evidence for ongoing infection. Taken together, these studies suggest a role for infectious agents in the development of multiple sclerosis. Conclusive evidence, however, remains lacking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.