ArticleBMC health services research2014
Modeling the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Chinese infants: an economic analysis of a compulsory vaccination.
Article in BMC health services research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inclusion of Additional Unintended Consequences in Economic Evaluation: A Systematic Review of Immunization and Tuberculosis Cost-Effectiveness Analyses.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2021Pooled it
- Cost Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2016Pooled it
- Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic resistance profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae in hospitalized adult patients: aretrospective multicenter surveillance in China (2018-2019).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Observational
- Herd Immunity Effects in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses among Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Applied health economics and health policy · 2022Review
- The Cost-Effectiveness of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Seven Chinese Cities.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analyses of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Indonesia.Journal of environmental and public health · 2021Article
- Pneumococcal Vaccination for Children in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of pathogens positive in hospitalized children with segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of routine 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinations in Chinese infants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- Article
- Perceptions of measles, pneumonia, and meningitis vaccines among caregivers in Shanghai, China, and the health belief model: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2017Article
- Article
- Trends in childhood pneumococcal vaccine coverage in Shanghai, China, 2005-2011: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2016Article
- The health and economic impact of vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) during an annual influenza epidemic and influenza pandemic in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- The dichotomy of pathogens and allergens in vaccination approaches.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare, from a Chinese societal perspective, the projected health benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of adding pneumococcal conjugate heptavalent vaccine (PCV-7) to the routine compulsory child immunization schedule.
methodsA decision-tree model, with data and assumptions adapted for relevance to China, was developed to project the health outcomes of PCV-7 vaccination (compared with no vaccination) over a 5-year period as well as a lifetime. The vaccinated birth cohort included 16,000,000 children in China. A 2 + 1 dose schedule at US$136.51 per vaccine dose was used in the base-case analysis. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to test the robustness of the model. The impact of a net indirect effect (herd immunity) was evaluated. Outcomes are presented in terms of the saved disease burden, costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
resultsIn a Chinese birth cohort, a PCV-7 vaccination program would reduce the number of pneumococcus-related infections by at least 32% and would prevent 2,682 deaths in the first 5 years of life, saving $1,190 million in total costs and gaining an additional 9,895 QALYs (discounted by 3%). The incremental cost per QALY was estimated to be $530,354. When herd immunity was taken into account, the cost per QALY was estimated to be $95,319. The robustness of the model was influenced mainly by the PCV-7 cost per dose, effectiveness herd immunity and incidence of pneumococcal diseases. With and without herd immunity, the break-even costs in China were $29.05 and $25.87, respectively.
conclusionsCompulsory routine infant vaccination with PCV-7 is projected to substantially reduce pneumococcal disease morbidity, mortality, and related costs in China. However, a universal vaccination program with PCV-7 is not cost-effective at the willingness-to-pay threshold that is currently recommended for China by the World Health Organization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.