ArticlePloS one2014
The antibody response of pregnant Cameroonian women to VAR2CSA ID1-ID2a, a small recombinant protein containing the CSA-binding site.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy-specific malarial immunity and risk of malaria in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Kinetics of B cell responses to Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in Ghanaian women naturally exposed to malaria parasites.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Kinetics of antimalarial antibodies in children with common haemoglobinopathies in a Tanzanian population.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- VAR2CSA-specific IgG and IgM antibodies are markers of exposure and protection against adverse malaria pregnancy outcomes.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Protein catenation potentiates antitumor activity of malaria VAR2CSA navigation CAR-T cells in a mouse model of hematological malignancies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Transcription and Copy Number Variation of Plasmodium falciparum var2csa among Nonpregnant Malaria Patients in Thailand.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Structural basis for placental malaria mediated by Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Progress and Insights Toward an Effective Placental Malaria Vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Molecular architecture and domain arrangement of the placental malaria protein VAR2CSA suggests a model for carbohydrate binding.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Article
- Cross-Species Immune Recognition Between Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein Antibodies and the Plasmodium falciparum Surface Antigen VAR2CSA.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- IgG Responses to the Plasmodium falciparum Antigen VAR2CSA in Colombia Are Restricted to Pregnancy and Are Not Induced by Exposure to Plasmodium vivax.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Antibody levels to recombinant VAR2CSA domains vary with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia, gestational age, and gravidity, but do not predict pregnancy outcomes.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Increased risk of low birth weight in women with placental malaria associated with P. falciparum VAR2CSA clade.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Malaria during Pregnancy.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2017Review
- Burkitt lymphoma expresses oncofetal chondroitin sulfate without being a reservoir for placental malaria sequestration.International journal of cancer · 2017Article
- Multiplexing detection of IgG against Plasmodium falciparum pregnancy-specific antigens.PloS one · 2017Article
- Antibody responses to the full-length VAR2CSA and its DBL domains in Cameroonian children and teenagers.Malaria journal · 2016Article
- Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Hypergammaglobulinemia Reduces Transplacental Transfer of Immunoglobulin G toOpen forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Influence of Intermittent Preventive Treatment on Antibodies to VAR2CSA in Pregnant Cameroonian Women.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In pregnant women, Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes expressing the VAR2CSA antigen bind to chondroitin sulfate A in the placenta causing placental malaria. The binding site of VAR2CSA is present in the ID1-ID2a region. This study sought to determine if pregnant Cameroonian women naturally acquire antibodies to ID1-ID2a and if antibodies to ID1-ID2a correlate with absence of placental malaria at delivery. Antibody levels to full-length VAR2CSA and ID1-ID2a were measured in plasma samples from 745 pregnant Cameroonian women, 144 Cameroonian men, and 66 US subjects. IgM levels and IgG avidity to ID1-ID2a were also determined. As expected, antibodies to ID1-ID2a were absent in US controls. Although pregnant Cameroonian women developed increasing levels of antibodies to full-length VAR2CSA during pregnancy, no increase in either IgM or IgG to ID1-ID2a was observed. Surprisingly, no differences in antibody levels to ID1-ID2a were detected between Cameroonian men and pregnant women. For example, in rural settings only 8-9% of males had antibodies to full-length VAR2CSA, but 90-96% had antibodies to ID1-ID2a. In addition, no significant difference in the avidity of IgG to ID1-ID2a was found between pregnant women and Cameroonian men, and no correlation between antibody levels at delivery and absence of placental malaria was found. Thus, the response to ID1-ID2a was not pregnancy specific, but predominantly against cross-reactivity epitopes, which may have been induced by other PfEMP1 antigens, malarial antigens, or microbes. Currently, ID1-ID2a is a leading vaccine candidate, since it binds to the CSA with the same affinity as the full-length molecule and elicits binding-inhibitory antibodies in animals. Further studies are needed to determine if the presence of naturally acquired cross-reactive antibodies in women living in malaria endemic countries will alter the response to ID1-ID2a following vaccination with ID1-ID2a.
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Registered trials
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