Trial reportPloS one2014
Steroid resistance in COPD? Overlap and differential anti-inflammatory effects in smokers and ex-smokers.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of smoking status on the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Inhaled corticosteroid normalizes some but not all airway vascular remodeling in COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2016Trial
- Inflammatory cells and remodeling in bronchial biopsies from COPD patients and controls.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association of blood eosinophils with corticosteroid treatment failure stratified by smoking status among inpatients with AECOPD.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Article
- IL-26 in the Lung and Its Role in COPD Inflammation.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Pharmacotherapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Therapeutic considerations with a focus on inhaled corticosteroids.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2020Article
- Inhaled Corticosteroids in COPD: Trying to Make a Long Story Short.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Review
- Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: Personalising the therapeutic choice.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2018Review
- Inhaled corticosteroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what is their role in therapy?International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2018Review
- Real-life GOLD 2011 implementation: the management of COPD lacks correct classification and adequate treatment.PloS one · 2014Article
- Stepwise management of COPD: What is next after bronchodilation?Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInhaled corticosteroids (ICS) reduce exacerbation rates and improve health status but can increase the risk of pneumonia in COPD. The GLUCOLD study, investigating patients with mild-to-moderate COPD, has shown that long-term (2.5-year) ICS therapy induces anti-inflammatory effects. The literature suggests that cigarette smoking causes ICS insensitivity. The aim of this study is to compare anti-inflammatory effects of ICS in persistent smokers and persistent ex-smokers in a post-hoc analysis of the GLUCOLD study.
methodsPersistent smokers (n = 41) and persistent ex-smokers (n = 31) from the GLUCOLD cohort were investigated. Effects of ICS treatment compared with placebo were estimated by analysing changes in lung function, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammatory cells in sputum and bronchial biopsies during short-term (0-6 months) and long-term (6-30 months) treatment using multiple regression analyses.
resultsBronchial mast cells were reduced by short-term and long-term ICS treatment in both smokers and ex-smokers. In contrast, CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ cells were reduced by short-term ICS treatment in smokers only. In addition, sputum neutrophils and lymphocytes, and bronchial CD8⁺ cells were reduced after long-term treatment in ex-smokers only. No significant interactions existed between smoking and ICS treatment.
conclusionEven in the presence of smoking, long-term ICS treatment may lead to anti-inflammatory effects in the lung. Some anti-inflammatory ICS effects are comparable in smokers and ex-smokers with COPD, other effects are cell-specific. The clinical relevance of these findings, however, are uncertain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.