ArticlePloS one2014
The arrival of the frequent: how bias in genotype-phenotype maps can steer populations to local optima.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emergence Biases in Molecular Evolution.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Review
- Evolutionary causes and consequences of gene duplication.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- A simple model captures key characteristics of biological non-deterministic genotype-phenotype maps.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Hierarchical genotype networks and incipient ecological speciation in Q[Formula: see text] phage quasispecies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Predicting the topography of fitness landscapes from the structure of genotype-phenotype maps.Genetics · 2026Article
- Bounding phenotype transition probabilities via conditional complexity.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Article
- Non-Poissonian Bursts in the Arrival of Phenotypic Variation Can Strongly Affect the Dynamics of Adaptation.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Robust genetic codes enhance protein evolvability.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Bias in the arrival of variation can dominate over natural selection in Richard Dawkins's biomorphs.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- The Boltzmann distributions of molecular structures predict likely changes through random mutations.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Maximum mutational robustness in genotype-phenotype maps follows a self-similar blancmange-like curve.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Mutation bias and the predictability of evolution.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Random and Natural Non-Coding RNA Have Similar Structural Motif Patterns but Differ in Bulge, Loop, and Bond Counts.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Predicting phenotype transition probabilities via conditional algorithmic probability approximations.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Article
- The structure of genotype-phenotype maps makes fitness landscapes navigable.Nature ecology & evolution · 2022Article
- On the incongruence of genotype-phenotype and fitness landscapes.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Fast free-energy-based neutral set size estimates for the RNA genotype-phenotype map.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Article
- Symmetry and simplicity spontaneously emerge from the algorithmic nature of evolution.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Phenotype Bias Determines How Natural RNA Structures Occupy the Morphospace of All Possible Shapes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
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2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genotype-phenotype (GP) maps specify how the random mutations that change genotypes generate variation by altering phenotypes, which, in turn, can trigger selection. Many GP maps share the following general properties: 1) The total number of genotypes N(G) is much larger than the number of selectable phenotypes; 2) Neutral exploration changes the variation that is accessible to the population; 3) The distribution of phenotype frequencies F(p)=N(p)/N(G), with N(p) the number of genotypes mapping onto phenotype p, is highly biased: the majority of genotypes map to only a small minority of the phenotypes. Here we explore how these properties affect the evolutionary dynamics of haploid Wright-Fisher models that are coupled to a random GP map or to a more complex RNA sequence to secondary structure map. For both maps the probability of a mutation leading to a phenotype p scales to first order as F(p), although for the RNA map there are further correlations as well. By using mean-field theory, supported by computer simulations, we show that the discovery time T(p) of a phenotype p similarly scales to first order as 1/F(p) for a wide range of population sizes and mutation rates in both the monomorphic and polymorphic regimes. These differences in the rate at which variation arises can vary over many orders of magnitude. Phenotypic variation with a larger F(p) is therefore be much more likely to arise than variation with a small F(p). We show, using the RNA model, that frequent phenotypes (with larger F(p)) can fix in a population even when alternative, but less frequent, phenotypes with much higher fitness are potentially accessible. In other words, if the fittest never 'arrive' on the timescales of evolutionary change, then they can't fix. We call this highly non-ergodic effect the 'arrival of the frequent'.
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