ArticlePloS one2014
Increased anatomical specificity of neuromodulation via modulated focused ultrasound.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuromodulation effects of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound in human, a systematic review focusing on motor and sensory functions.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Ultrasound Modulation of Visual Circuits in Mice Independent of Auditory Confound.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation in schizophrenia: current evidence, mechanisms, and future directions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Increased insular functional connectivity during repetitive negative thinking in major depression and healthy volunteers.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Improving Targeting Specificity of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound in Subject Specific Head Models Using a Random Array Transducer: A k-Wave Simulation Study.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2025Article
- Clinical Potential of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Neurorehabilitation in Pediatric Cancer Survivors.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation modulates neural activities in mice under propofol anaesthesia.BMC neuroscience · 2023Article
- Preclinical robotic device for magnetic resonance imaging guided focussed ultrasound.The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS · 2023Article
- Image-Guided Measurement of Radiation Force Induced by Focused Ultrasound Beams.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2023Article
- Multifrequency-based sharpening of focal volume.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision.Light, science & applications · 2022Article
- Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation induces neuronal correlation change in the rat somatosensory cortex.Journal of neural engineering · 2022Article
- Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation reduces vasogenic edema after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Guiding and monitoring focused ultrasound mediated blood-brain barrier opening in rats using power Doppler imaging and passive acoustic mapping.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Implantable acousto-optic window for monitoring ultrasound-mediated neuromodulationNeurophotonics · 2022Article
- Neuromodulation Using Transcranial Focused Ultrasound on the Bilateral Medial Prefrontal Cortex.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- 32 Element Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (PMUT) Phased Array for Neuromodulation.IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2022Article
- A review of the bioeffects of low-intensity focused ultrasound and the benefits of a cellular approach.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Phase-locked closed-loop ultrasound stimulation modulates theta and gamma rhythms in the mouse hippocampus.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Design and Optimization of Ultrasound Phased Arrays for Large-Scale Ultrasound Neuromodulation.IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems · 2021Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound can alter brain function transiently and nondestructively, offering a new tool to study brain function now and inform future therapies. Previous research on neuromodulation implemented pulsed low-frequency (250-700 kHz) ultrasound with spatial peak temporal average intensities (ISPTA) of 0.1-10 W/cm(2). That work used transducers that either insonified relatively large volumes of mouse brain (several mL) with relatively low-frequency ultrasound and produced bilateral motor responses, or relatively small volumes of brain (on the order of 0.06 mL) with relatively high-frequency ultrasound that produced unilateral motor responses. This study seeks to increase anatomical specificity to neuromodulation with modulated focused ultrasound (mFU). Here, 'modulated' means modifying a focused 2-MHz carrier signal dynamically with a 500-kHz signal as in vibro-acoustography, thereby creating a low-frequency but small volume (approximately 0.015 mL) source of neuromodulation. Application of transcranial mFU to lightly anesthetized mice produced various motor movements with high spatial selectivity (on the order of 1 mm) that scaled with the temporal average ultrasound intensity. Alone, mFU and focused ultrasound (FUS) each induced motor activity, including unilateral motions, though anatomical location and type of motion varied. Future work should include larger animal models to determine the relative efficacy of mFU versus FUS. Other studies should determine the biophysical processes through which they act. Also of interest is exploration of the potential research and clinical applications for targeted, transcranial neuromodulation created by modulated focused ultrasound, especially mFU's ability to produce compact sources of ultrasound at the very low frequencies (10-100s of Hertz) that are commensurate with the natural frequencies of the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.