ArticleLeukemia2014
IL-6 supports the generation of human long-lived plasma cells in combination with either APRIL or stromal cell-soluble factors.
Article in Leukemia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone marrow findings of idiopathic Multicentric Castleman disease: A histopathologic analysis and systematic literature review.Hematological oncology · 2022Pooled it
- BCMA-directed mRNA CAR-T cell therapy for myasthenia gravis: exploratory biomarker analysis of a placebo-controlled phase 2b trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombosis of hematologic malignancies: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Interleukin-6 fromMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Engineering bone marrow in a dish-a bloody business: preclinical opportunities, translational use cases, and a call for consensus.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026Review
- Immune Factors Linked to Long-Term HCV Humoral Memory Five Years After Cure in People with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrin β1 Demarks Precursors of Brain-Residing Antibody-Secreting Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Humanized mice enableMolecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Integrated single cell multiomic profiling and functional validation reveal distinct cellular routes to human plasma cell differentiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Why are long-lived plasma cells long-lived?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The evolution of antibody-secreting cell biological exploration: one mouse model at a time.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting BLyS and APRIL with Telitacicept versus Conventional Immunotherapy in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: A Comparative Study.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- From IL-6 production to IL-6R buffering: a unified IL-6-IL-6R framework for immune homeostasis during viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Not all plasma cells are made equal: well-hidden layers of heterogeneity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Influenza vaccine based on AS03-adjuvanted chimeric HA induces long-lived stalk-specific plasma cells in bone marrow and lymph nodes of nonhuman primates.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is dispensable for the survival of long-lived plasma cells.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals dysregulation of B-cell subset function in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Hepatology international · 2025Article
- Biomarker expression level changes within rectal gut-associated lymphoid tissues in spinal cord-injured rats.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- On the carrying capacity of the bone marrow survival niche in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Survival of Human Bone Marrow Plasma Cells In Vitro Depends on the Support of the Stromal Cells, PI3K, and Canonical NF-kappaB Signaling.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent understanding of plasma cell (PC) biology has been obtained mainly from murine models. The current concept is that plasmablasts home to the BM and further differentiate into long-lived PCs (LLPCs). These LLPCs survive for months in contact with a complex niche comprising stromal cells (SCs) and hematopoietic cells, both producing recruitment and survival factors. Using a multi-step culture system, we show here the possibility to differentiate human memory B cells into LLPCs surviving for at least 4 months in vitro and producing immunoglobulins continuously. A remarkable feature is that IL-6 is mandatory to generate LLPCs in vitro together with either APRIL or soluble factors produced by SCs, unrelated to APRIL/BAFF, SDF-1, or IGF-1. These LLPCs are out of the cell cycle, express highly PC transcription factors and surface markers. This model shows a remarkable robustness of human LLPCs, which can survive and produce highly immunoglobulins for months in vitro without the contact with niche cells, providing the presence of a minimal cocktail of growth factors and nutrients. This model should be useful to understand further normal PC biology and its deregulation in premalignant or malignant PC disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.