ArticleBMC immunology2014
Levels of salivary immunoglobulins and periodontal evaluation in smoking patients.
Article in BMC immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143 toothpaste on gingivitis and oral microbiota in adults: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- A hydrosilver gel for plaque control in adults affected by chronic periodontitis: Effects on the 'red complex' bacterial load. A prospective longitudinal pilot study using polymerase chain reaction analysis.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyTrial
- Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy in the Differential Diagnosis of Sicca Syndrome: A Monocentric Cohort Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Influence of Ordinary Cigarettes and Their Substitute IQOSDentistry journal · 2025Article
- Impact of smoking habit on the subgingival proteome in patients with periodontitis.Journal of periodontology · 2025Article
- Lifetime Exposure to Cigarette Smoke, B-Cell Tumor Immune Infiltration, and Immunoglobulin Abundance in Ovarian Tumors.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Sports Diet and Oral Health in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Viral and immunologic evaluation of smokers with severe COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- SERS Signature of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Swabs: Towards Perspective COVID-19 Point-of-Care Diagnostics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Factors associated with receipt of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers in Albania (February 2021-June 2022): secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Smoking and e-cigarette use: key variables in testing IgA-oriented intranasal vaccines.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2022Article
- An assessment of unstimulated salivary flow rate, IgA and clinical oral dryness among active and passive smokers.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2022Article
- Salivary anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) mirrors serum ANA in systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Cigarette smoke exposure attenuates the induction of antigen-specific IgA in the murine upper respiratory tract.Mucosal immunology · 2021Article
- Neglected roles of IgG Fc-binding protein secreted from airway mucin-producing cells in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Innate immunity · 2021Article
- The Impact of Sport Training on Oral Health in Athletes.Dentistry journal · 2021Review
- Article
- Prevalence of Caries and Associated Risk Factors in a Representative Group of Preschool Children from an Urban Area with High Income in Milan Province, Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Evaluation of Lower Dental Arch Crowding and Dimension after Treatment with Lip Bumper versus Schwarz Appliance. A Prospective Pilot Study.Dentistry journal · 2020Article
- Salivary concentrations of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli during an orthodontic treatment. An observational study comparing fixed and removable orthodontic appliances.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the level of salivary immunoglobulins and periodontal status in smokers and non-smokers. MATERIALS AND
methodsUnstimulated saliva of 30 subjects (mean age 24.2 ± 3.5 years) who were smokers (test group) and of 30 subjects (mean age 25.3 ± 3.8 years) who were non-smokers (control group) was collected and centrifugated; IgA, IgG, and IgM were measured with the colorimetric immunoenzymatic method. Moreover, the following periodontal clinical parameters were recorded for each subject: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL).
resultsA significantly (p< 0.05) lower Ig level was observed in smoking patients (IgA: 20.0 ± 1.2 mg/dl; IgM: 19.5 ± 1.6 mg/dl; IgG: 8.1 ± 1.4 mg/dl) compared to levels in the non-smoking control group (IgA: 234.1 ± 65.2 mg/dl; IgM: 121.0 ± 31.7 mg/dl; IgG: 1049.4 ± 102 mg/dl). In the test group, PI (2.2 ± 0.3), GI (2.4 ± 0.5), PD (49.3 ± 9.2%), and CAL (49.3 ± 4.6%) were higher (p< 0.05) than those observed in the control group (PI: 0.8 ± 0.4; GI: 0.7 ± 0.3; PD: 10.6 ± 2.4%; CAL: 3.1 ± 0.8%).
conclusionSmoking subjects showed lower levels of salivary IgA, IgG, and IgM and a worse periodontal condition than non-smoking subjects. On the base of our study, as smoking subjects also had lower levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in their saliva than non-smoking subjects, despite the fact that there is little evidence that the salivary Igs have a protective action against periodontitis and that the whole saliva does not result in whole from the salivary glands, it can be concluded that the deteriorated periodontal health conditions of these patients can be attributed in part to a lowering of the host's defense due to a decrease in the quantity of Igs in salivary fluid.
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