Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2014
Immune response and intestinal permeability in children with acute gastroenteritis treated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01130792 (Probiotics for Infectious Diarrhea in Children in South India), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Probiotics for Infectious Diarrhea in Children in South India
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Evidence on the Health Benefits and Safety of Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus: A Systematic Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of probiotics for treatment of acute or persistent diarrhoea in children from birth till 10 years: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Probiotics fortify intestinal barrier function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- The efficacy of probiotics on virus titres and antibody production in virus diseases: A systematic review on recent evidence for COVID-19 treatment.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2021Pooled it
- Effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics in reducing duration of acute infectious diarrhea in pediatric patients in developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- AGA Technical Review on the Role of Probiotics in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders.Gastroenterology · 2020Guideline
- Efficacy ofWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions to reduce post-acute consequences of diarrheal disease in children: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Guideline
- Effect of combined probiotic and iron-folic acid supplementation on iron status and gut inflammation markers: a randomized controlled trial among anaemic children.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Interplay between viral infections and gut microbiota dysbiosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Exploiting the Endogenous Type II-A CRISPR-Cas System for Functional Engineering of Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Can Dietary Supplements Support Muscle Function and Physical Activity? A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Exploring the Therapeutic Landscape of Probiotics in Enteric and Respiratory Viral Infections.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- The Gut Microbiome in Enteric Viral Infections: Underlying Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rotavirus Infections: Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- High dietary live microbe intake associated with reduced depressive symptoms in gastrointestinal disease patients: findings from a cross-sectional study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProbiotics have a possible role in the treatment of pediatric acute gastroenteritis. We report the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on intestinal function, immune response, and clinical outcomes in Indian children with cryptosporidial or rotavirus diarrhea.
methodsChildren with gastroenteritis aged 6 months to 5 years, testing positive for either rotavirus or Cryptosporidium species in stool (coinfections were excluded), were randomized to LGG (ATCC 53103) or placebo, once daily for 4 weeks. Baseline demographic and clinical details were obtained. Sera were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to Cryptosporidium and rotavirus, and the lactulose to mannitol ratio for intestinal permeability was determined at baseline and at the end of follow-up.
resultsOf the 124 children enrolled, 82 and 42 had rotavirus and cryptosporidial diarrhea, respectively. Median diarrheal duration was 4 days; one-third of the children had severe diarrhea. Baseline and clinical parameters were comparable between children receiving LGG and placebo. At the end of follow-up, fewer children with rotavirus diarrhea on LGG had repeated diarrheal episodes (25% vs 46%; P = .048) and impaired intestinal function (48% vs 72%; P = .027). Significant increase in IgG levels postintervention (456 vs 2215 EU; P = .003) was observed in children with rotavirus diarrhea receiving LGG. Among children with cryptosporidial diarrhea, those receiving LGG showed significant improvement in intestinal permeability.
conclusionsLGG has a positive immunomodulatory effect and may be useful in decreasing repeated episodes of rotavirus diarrhea. Improvement in intestinal function in children with rotavirus and cryptosporidial gastroenteritis emphasizes the role of probiotics in treating intestinal impairment after infection. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: CTRI/2010/091/000339.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.