ReviewPediatric research2014
Impact of repeated procedural pain-related stress in infants born very preterm.
Review in Pediatric research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 125 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Breast Milk Expressed Versus Sucrose Relief Procedural Pain of Venipuncture in Preterm.
Pain Quantification Study During a Screening for Retinopathy of Premature Babies by RetCam
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The comparative efficacy and safety of sweet solutions to reduce preterm infants' pain levels: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term alterations in pain sensitivity following preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Acupuncture for procedural pain in newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation in newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation in neonates: a systematic review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Pooled it
- Non-pharmacological pain relief interventions in preterm neonates undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2023Pooled it
- Sucrose analgesia for heel-lance procedures in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Non-Pharmacological Methods in the Reduction of Neonatal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Nursing Interventions That Promote Sleep in Preterm Newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units: An Integrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Analgesia for retinopathy of prematurity screening: A systematic review.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2022Pooled it
- Utility of volatile organic compounds as a diagnostic tool in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2021Pooled it
- Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Remote ischaemic conditioning in necrotising enterocolitis: a phase I feasibility and safety study.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2023Trial
- Lumbar Puncture in the prone position for Low Birth Weight Neonates.BMC pediatrics · 2022Trial
- New perspective for pain control in neonates: a comparative effectiveness research.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Trial
- Blinded randomized crossover trial: Skin-to-skin care vs. sucrose for preterm neonatal pain.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Trial
- Intranasal fentanyl for pain management during screening for retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Trial
- Longer duration of kangaroo care improves neurobehavioral performance and feeding in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric research · 2020Trial
- Trial
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of infants born very preterm (24-32 wk gestational age) now survive; however, long-term neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems remain a concern. As part of their neonatal care, very preterm infants undergo repeated painful procedures during a period of rapid brain development and programming of stress systems. Infants born this early have the nociceptive circuitry required to perceive pain, however, their sensory systems are functionally immature. An imbalance of excitatory vs. inhibitory processes leads to increased nociceptive signaling in the central nervous system. Specific cell populations in the central nervous system of preterm neonates are particularly vulnerable to excitoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Neonatal rat models have demonstrated that persistent or repeated pain increases apoptosis of neurons, and neonatal pain and stress lead to anxiety-like behaviors during adulthood. In humans, greater exposure to neonatal pain-related stress has been associated with altered brain microstructure and stress hormone levels, as well as with poorer cognitive, motor, and behavioral neurodevelopment in infants and children born very preterm. Therefore, it is important that pain-related stress in preterm neonates is accurately identified, appropriately managed, and that pain management strategies are evaluated for protective or adverse effects in the long term.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.