ArticleBMJ open2014
Additive influence of genetic predisposition and conventional risk factors in the incidence of coronary heart disease: a population-based study in Greece.
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene-diet interactions and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review of observational and clinical trials.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Novel polymorphisms in CYP4A22 associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
- Epidemiological analysis of coronary heart disease and its main risk factors: are their associations multiplicative, additive, or interactive?Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- Moving from two- to multi-way interactions among binary risk factors on the additive scale.Biostatistics & epidemiology · 2020Article
- Genetic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease: Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2020Review
- Overlap in the Genetic Architecture of Stroke Risk, Early Neurological Changes, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.Stroke · 2019Article
- Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease Modifies the Elevated Risk by Cigarette Smoking for Disease Incidence.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2018Article
- Risk prediction by genetic risk scores for coronary heart disease is independent of self-reported family history.European heart journal · 2016Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAn additive genetic risk score (GRS) for coronary heart disease (CHD) has previously been associated with incident CHD in the population-based Greek European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In this study, we explore GRS-'environment' joint actions on CHD for several conventional cardiovascular risk factors (ConvRFs), including smoking, hypertension, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), body mass index (BMI), physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
designA case-control study.
settingThe general Greek population of the EPIC study. PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES: 477 patients with medically confirmed incident CHD and 1271 controls participated in this study. We estimated the ORs for CHD by dividing participants at higher or lower GRS and, alternatively, at higher or lower ConvRF, and calculated the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) as a measure of deviation from additivity.
resultsThe joint presence of higher GRS and higher risk ConvRF was in all instances associated with an increased risk of CHD, compared with the joint presence of lower GRS and lower risk ConvRF. The OR (95% CI) was 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) for smoking, 2.7 (1.9 to 3.8) for hypertension, 4.1 (2.8 to 6.1) for T2DM, 1.9 (1.4 to 2.5) for lower physical activity, 2.0 (1.3 to 3.2) for high BMI and 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) for poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet. In all instances, RERI values were fairly small and not statistically significant, suggesting that the GRS and the ConvRFs do not have effects beyond additivity.
conclusionsGenetic predisposition to CHD, operationalised through a multilocus GRS, and ConvRFs have essentially additive effects on CHD risk.
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