Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24499470›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2014

Long-range electron tunneling.

Jay R Winkler, Harry B Gray

Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The Impact of Copolymer Molecular Sequence on Electronic Transport.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Single-Molecule Electron Transport in Peptoids.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2026
    Article
  4. Mechanistic Design in Photocatalysis.Accounts of chemical research · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. From single step hops to emergent biological phenomena.Journal of inorganic biochemistry · 2026
    Review
  8. Lessons, connections, hypotheses and predictions from protein film electrochemistry.Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Re-Evaluating the Stability of AlACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Jay R WinklerBeckman Institute, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.
Harry B Gray

Funding

ELECTRON-TRANSFER PROCESSES IN IRON AND COPPER PROTEINSR01DK019038 · NIDDK · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GRAY, HARRY B, WINKLER, JAY R · 1986 to 2023
$7.0M
ELECTRON TRANSFER PROCESSES IN IRON AND COPPER PROTEINSR37DK019038 · NIDDK · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GRAY, HARRY B · 1996 to 2003
$1.2M
NIDDK NIH HHS DK-019038NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK019038NIDDK NIH HHS R37 DK019038
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrons have so little mass that in less than a second they can tunnel through potential energy barriers that are several electron-volts high and several nanometers wide. Electron tunneling is a critical functional element in a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from semiconductor diodes to the photosynthetic and respiratory charge transport chains. Prior to the 1970s, chemists generally believed that reactants had to collide in order to effect a transformation. Experimental demonstrations that electrons can transfer between reactants separated by several nanometers led to a revision of the chemical reaction paradigm. Experimental investigations of electron exchange between redox partners separated by molecular bridges have elucidated many fundamental properties of these reactions, particularly the variation of rate constants with distance. Theoretical work has provided critical insights into the superexchange mechanism of electronic coupling between distant redox centers. Kinetics measurements have shown that electrons can tunnel about 2.5 nm through proteins on biologically relevant time scales. Longer-distance biological charge flow requires multiple electron tunneling steps through chains of redox cofactors. The range of phenomena that depends on long-range electron tunneling continues to expand, providing new challenges for both theory and experiment.

Indexed as

Electron TransportOxidation-ReductionThermodynamicsElectronsHistory, 20th Century

Identifiers

PMID24499470
PMCPMC3986022

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.