ArticleBMC public health2013
Influence of smoking and diet on glycated haemoglobin and 'pre-diabetes' categorisation: a cross-sectional analysis.
Article in BMC public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Dietary Fruit and Vegetable Consumption on Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Positive emotional well-being and glucose control in a nationwide sample.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Metabolomic Insights into Smoking-Induced Metabolic Dysfunctions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolomes.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Blood and urine multi-omics analysis of the impact of e-vaping, smoking, and cessation: from exposome to molecular responses.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Paraoxonase 1 gene variants concerning cardiovascular mortality in conventional cigarette smokers and non-smokers treated with hemodialysis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Midlife susceptibility to the effects of poor diet on diabetes risk.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Article
- The Impact of Coexistence of Smoking and Diabetes on the Coronary Artery Severity and Outcomes following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results from the 1International journal of vascular medicine · 2020Article
- Social Determinants of Health and Preclinical Glycemic Control in Newly Diagnosed First-Episode Psychosis Patients.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2018Article
- Influence of Health Behaviors and Occupational Stress on Prediabetic State among Male Office Workers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2018Article
- Dietary habits, physical activity and diabetes perception among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia.Electronic physician · 2017Article
- Associations Between Cannabis Use and Physical Health Problems in Early Midlife: A Longitudinal Comparison of Persistent Cannabis vs Tobacco Users.JAMA psychiatry · 2016Article
- Modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes in men and women: a cross-sectional analysis of the cohort study in primary health care on the evolution of patients with prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study).BMC family practice · 2015Article
- Article
- A multifactoral analysis of 1452 patients for smoking sensation. An outpatient lab experience.Journal of Cancer · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe new HbA1c criteria for diagnosis of pre-diabetes have been criticised for misdiagnosis. It is possible that some elevation of HbA1c is not driven by hyperglycaemia. This study assesses associations of HbA1c, commonly assumed to relate solely to glucose concentration, with (i) smoking, a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (ii) fruit & vegetables consumption associated with improved redox status.
methodsOne-way ANOVA, Chi-squared and multivariate linear regressions, adjusted for all known confounders were used to explore associations of HbA1c with self-reported smoking status and fruit & vegetables consumptions in the Scottish Health Surveys 2003-2010, among individuals without known diabetes and HbA1c < 6.5%.
resultsCompared to non-smokers (n = 2831), smokers (n = 1457) were younger, consumed less fruit & vegetables, had lower physical activity levels, lower BMI, higher HbA1c and CRP (p < 0.05). HbA1c was higher in smokers by 0.25 SDs (0.08%), and 0.38 SDs higher (0.14%) in heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/day) than non-smokers (p < 0.001 both). Smokers were twice as likely to have HbA1c in the 'pre-diabetic' range (5.7-6.4%) (p < 0.001, adj.model). Pre-diabetes and low grade inflammation did not affect the associations. For every extra 80 g vegetable portion consumed, HbA1c was 0.03 SDs (0.01%) lower (p = 0.02), but fruit consumption did not impact on HbA1c, within the low range of consumptions in this population.
conclusionThis study adds evidence to relate smoking (an oxidative stress proxy) with protein glycation in normoglycaemic subjects, with implications for individuals exposed to ROS and for epidemiological interpretation of HbA1c.
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