ArticleAllergy & rhinology (Providence, R.I.)2013
The anatomical and functional relationship between allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis.
Article in Allergy & rhinology (Providence, R.I.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Alleviation of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis Symptoms in Participants Treated with a 0.005% Tacrolimus Eye-Drop Solution.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Trial
- Cyclic extranasal neurostimulation for dry eye disease: a 4-week stimulation and 6-week intermission regimen based on neural adaptation dynamics.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Article
- Long-term outcomes following impedance-controlled radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of chronic rhinitis.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2024Article
- Cytokines in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Unraveling Their Pathophysiological Roles.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Naso-ocular neuropeptide interactions in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2021Article
- Association between allergic conjunctivitis and provisional tic disorder in children.International ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Multimorbidities of Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2019Review
- Regulation of Interaction between the Upper and Lower Airways in United Airway Disease.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Bepotastine besilate ophthalmic solution 1.5% for alleviating nasal symptoms in patients with allergic conjunctivitis.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2018Article
- Decreased incidence of glaucoma in children with asthma using inhaled corticosteroid: a cohort study.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Impact of Mycotoxins Secreted by Aspergillus Molds on the Inflammatory Response of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Toxins · 2017Article
- Allergic Rhinitis in Adults with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2015Article
- An atypical presentation of sinus mucopyocele in a pediatric cystic fibrosis patient.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2015Article
- Nasal Sinus Tract of Odontogenic Origin: Report of a Case.Case reports in dentistry · 2015Article
- Microgravity-induced fluid shift and ophthalmic changes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Review
- Clinical characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
- Relationship between allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) - review.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are numerous anatomic connections between the allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. The most obvious reason is the physical connection via the nasolacrimal apparatus. However, a closer look at innervation, circulatory, lymphatic, and neurogenic systems reveals much more than a physical connection. The eye is richly innervated by parasympathetic nerves that enter the eyes after traveling in conjunction with the parasympathetic input to the nasal cavity. Parasympathetic innervation governing the tear film and nasal secretion can intersect at the pterygopalatine ganglion. Neurogenic inflammation affects both the eye and the nose as evidenced by the presence of the same neurogenic factors. Venous flow is in the SOV area connecting the eye and the nose, once thought to be without valves. In the past, this thinking is the basis for concern about the danger triangle of the face. Recent literature has shown otherwise. Although valves are present, there are still pathways where bidirectional flow exists and a venous connection is made. The most likely area for venous communication is the pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus. The venous flow and connections also offers a pathway for allergic shiners. Understanding the mutual connections between the nasal mucosa and the ocular surface can also affect treatment strategies.
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