ArticlePloS one2014
Tannins from Hamamelis virginiana bark extract: characterization and improvement of the antiviral efficacy against influenza A virus and human papillomavirus.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04403646 (Efficacy of Tannin Specific Natural Extract for Coronavirus Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Tannin Specific Natural Extract for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plant-Derived Food Grade Substances (PDFGS) Active Against Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review of Non-clinical Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- [Preparation andZhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- Chemical and Functional Consistency of Condensed Tannins fromACS omega · 2026Article
- Ligand-Based Pharmacophore Mapping and Virtual Screening for the Search of Biguanide-Like Molecules With Antidiabetic Potentials Targeting Liver Kinase B1.Biochemistry research international · 2026Article
- The anti-coronaviral activity of singular and mixed formulation of dill essential oil (Anethum graveolens L.) and tannic acid (Quercus infectoria).Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Review
- Reviewing the Therapeutic Potential of Plant-based Natural Products against Multidrug-resistant Bacteria (MDR).Current drug research reviews · 2025Review
- Enhancing Antibiotic Efficacy with Natural Compounds: Synergistic Activity of Tannic Acid and Nerol with Commercial Antibiotics against Pathogenic Bacteria.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anti-Malarial Activity of Nano Tannic Acid MgO Extract Alone and Combined with Chloroquine againstJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Early-life influenza A (H1N1) infection independently programs brain connectivity, HPA AXIS and tissue-specific gene expression profiles.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Unveiling the microbial dynamics in vermicomposting with coir pith as earthworm substrate.Heliyon · 2023Article
- A Reappraisal of the Antiviral Properties of and Immune Regulation through Dietary Phytochemicals.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Review
- Drug cross-linking electrospun fiber for effective infected wound healing.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Targeting SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 13 via helicase-inhibitor-repurposing and non-structural protein 16 through pharmacophore-based screening.Molecular diversity · 2023Article
- From Hamamelitannin Synthesis to the Study of Enzymatic Acylations of D-Hamamelose.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Willow (Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Antiviral functionalization of cellulose using tannic acid and tannin-rich extracts.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Current Knowledge on Interactions of Plant Materials Traditionally Used in Skin Diseases in Poland and Ukraine with Human Skin Microbiota.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Unveiling the Ability of Witch Hazel (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Activity ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antiviral activity has been demonstrated for different tannin-rich plant extracts. Since tannins of different classes and molecular weights are often found together in plant extracts and may differ in their antiviral activity, we have compared the effect against influenza A virus (IAV) of Hamamelis virginiana L. bark extract, fractions enriched in tannins of different molecular weights and individual tannins of defined structures, including pseudotannins. We demonstrate antiviral activity of the bark extract against different IAV strains, including the recently emerged H7N9, and show for the first time that a tannin-rich extract inhibits human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 infection. As the best performing antiviral candidate, we identified a highly potent fraction against both IAV and HPV, enriched in high molecular weight condensed tannins by ultrafiltration, a simple, reproducible and easily upscalable method. This ultrafiltration concentrate and the bark extract inhibited early and, to a minor extent, later steps in the IAV life cycle and tannin-dependently inhibited HPV attachment. We observed interesting mechanistic differences between tannin structures: High molecular weight tannin containing extracts and tannic acid (1702 g/mol) inhibited both IAV receptor binding and neuraminidase activity. In contrast, low molecular weight compounds (<500 g/mol) such as gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate or hamamelitannin inhibited neuraminidase but not hemagglutination. Average molecular weight of the compounds seemed to positively correlate with receptor binding (but not neuraminidase) inhibition. In general, neuraminidase inhibition seemed to contribute little to the antiviral activity. Importantly, antiviral use of the ultrafiltration fraction enriched in high molecular weight condensed tannins and, to a lesser extent, the unfractionated bark extract was preferable over individual isolated compounds. These results are of interest for developing and improving plant-based antivirals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.