Trial reportPloS one2014
Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis and its risk factors in Eastern Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Housing Characteristics and Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Pooled it
- Utility of microstratification to identify hotspots for visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Long-term trends of visceral leishmaniasis incidence and mortality in India 1990-2019: an application of joinpoint and age-period-cohort analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Spatial analytics to elucidate the incubation period and drivers of visceral leishmaniasis: case of Turkana County in Kenya.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Incidence and persistence of asymptomatic Leishmania infection among HIV-infected patients in Trang province, Southern Thailand: A cohort study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Leishmania Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in a Southern Province of Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Social Demographic Characteristics Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis in West Pokot, Kenya.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Prevalence and determinants of asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-infected individuals living within visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas of Bihar, India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Identification of asymptomatic Leishmania infections: a scoping review.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Visceral leishmaniasis outbreaks in Bihar: community-level investigations in the context of elimination of kala-azar as a public health problem.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Inferring transmission trees to guide targeting of interventions against visceral leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Intensely clustered outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in a setting of seasonal migration in a village of Bihar, India.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Male predominance in reported Visceral Leishmaniasis cases: Nature or nurture? A comparison of population-based with health facility-reported data.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Identifying asymptomatic Leishmania infections in non-endemic villages in Gedaref state, Sudan.BMC research notes · 2019Article
- Novel Loci Controlling Parasite Load in Organs of Mice Infected WithFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Application of kDNA Minicircle PCR-RFLP to CharacterizeThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2019Article
- Visceral leishmaniasis: Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and drivers underlying the hotspots in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Age trends in asymptomatic and symptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in the Indian subcontinent: A review and analysis of data from diagnostic and epidemiological studies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Review
- The role of case proximity in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in a highly endemic village in Bangladesh.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the role of asymptomatic infection in transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). We studied the individual, household and environmental factors associated with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infected individuals and VL. 7,538 individuals living in VL endemic villages in India and Nepal were divided into three mutually exclusive groups based on their VL history and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) results in yearly serosurveys over a two-year period. The groups were (1) VL cases, (2) asymptomatically infected individuals (seroconverters) and (3) seronegative individuals. VL cases and seroconverters were compared to seronegative individuals in mixed logistic regression models. The risk of seroconversion and disease was significantly increased in individuals aged 14 to 24 years old and by the presence of other DAT-positive, asymptomatically infected individuals and VL cases in the house. The risk of seroconversion was higher in Indian than in Nepalese villages and it increased significantly with age, but not so for VL. This study demonstrates that, when risk factors for leishmanial infection and VL disease are evaluated in the same population, epidemiological determinants for asymptomatic infection and VL are largely similar.
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