Trial reportPloS one2014
Social cohesion, social participation, and HIV related risk among female sex workers in Swaziland.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- The social capital effect on HIV/AIDS preventive efforts: a meta-analysis.Journal of medicine and life · 2022Pooled it
- Social network and HIV risk behaviors in female sex workers: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- "We carried her in a wheelbarrow to the clinic": process evaluation of the AMETHIST intervention combining microplanning with self-help groups to improve HIV prevention and treatment among female sex workers in Zimbabwe.BMC health services research · 2026Trial
- Longitudinal Trajectories of Engagement With HIV Treatment Support Strategies Among Female Sex Workers Living With HIV in South Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Trial
- HIV- and sex work-related stigmas and quality of life of female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Feasibility and acceptability of B6: a social capital program for young Black gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men living with HIV.Health education research · 2022Trial
- Village health workers as health diplomats: negotiating health and study participation in a malaria elimination trial in The Gambia.BMC health services research · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Project Shikamana: Baseline Findings From a Community Empowerment-Based Combination HIV Prevention Trial Among Female Sex Workers in Iringa, Tanzania.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- The Role of Mobility in HIV Intervention Engagement and Community Mobilization among Female Sex Workers Living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Quantifying intersectional stigma in HIV prevention contexts: adaptation and validation of a scale among female sex workers in Namibia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Both neighborhood and individual-level social cohesion are associated with testing for HIV in Southeastern Pennsylvania adult population.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Interdisciplinary perspectives on 'what matters most' in the cultural shaping of health-related stigma in Indonesia.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Individual and Collective Forms of Stigma Resistance: Pathways Between HIV and Sex Work Stigma and Viral Suppression Among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Article
- ART coverage and viral suppression among female sex workers living with HIV in eThekwini, South Africa: Baseline findings from the Siyaphambili study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic correlates of discrimination against PLHIV in High HIV prevalence states of India, NFHS 2016-21.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Predictors of PrEP awareness, PrEP discussion and interest in long-acting injectable PrEP among Filipina transfeminine adults.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Facilitators and barriers to engaging with the DREAMS initiative among young women who sell sex aged 18-24 in Zimbabwe: a qualitative study.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in the association of social cohesion and social capital with HIV testing.SSM - population health · 2023Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Social capital is important to disadvantaged groups, such as sex workers, as a means of facilitating internal group-related mutual aid and support as well as access to broader social and material resources. Studies among sex workers have linked higher social capital with protective HIV-related behaviors; however, few studies have examined social capital among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa. This cross-sectional study examined relationships between two key social capital constructs, social cohesion among sex workers and social participation of sex workers in the larger community, and HIV-related risk in Swaziland using respondent-driven sampling. Relationships between social cohesion, social participation, and HIV-related risk factors were assessed using logistic regression. HIV prevalence among the sample was 70.4% (223/317). Social cohesion was associated with consistent condom use in the past week (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-3.90) and was associated with fewer reports of social discrimination, including denial of police protection. Social participation was associated with HIV testing (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.36-4.03) and using condoms with non-paying partners (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.13-3.51), and was inversely associated with reported verbal or physical harassment as a result of selling sex (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91). Both social capital constructs were significantly associated with collective action, which involved participating in meetings to promote sex worker rights or attending HIV-related meetings/ talks with other sex workers. Social- and structural-level interventions focused on building social cohesion and social participation among sex workers could provide significant protection from HIV infection for female sex workers in Swaziland.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.