Observational studyPloS one2014
Immuno-virological discordance and the risk of non-AIDS and AIDS events in a large observational cohort of HIV-patients in Europe.
Observational study in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02699736 (EuroSIDA Prospective Observational Cohort Study on Clinical and Virological Outcome of European Patients Infected With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
EuroSIDA Prospective Observational Cohort Study on Clinical and Virological Outcome of European Patients Infected With HIV
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Risk Factors for Low CD4+ Count Recovery Despite Viral Suppression Among Participants Initiating Antiretroviral Treatment With CD4+ Counts > 500 Cells/mm3: Findings From the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Therapy (START) Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Long-Term Outcomes of Young Adults With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in the United States and Puerto Rico.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of women with HIV in the RESPOND cohort: A descriptive analysis and comparison to men.HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Low Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Level Is Associated with Poor Immunologic Response among People Living with HIV/AIDS.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Immunological and virological discordance among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Inflammation and microbial translocation measured prior to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and long-term probability of clinical progression in people living with HIV.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Genetic variation in CCR2 and CXCL12 genes impacts on CD4 restoration in patients initiating cART with advanced immunesupression.PloS one · 2019Article
- The Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Vasculopathy in the Etiology of Stroke.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Review
- Association of Risk of Viremia, Immunosuppression, Serious Clinical Events, and Mortality With Increasing Age in Perinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Youth.JAMA pediatrics · 2017Article
- Polymorphisms in the CD14 and TLR4 genes independently predict CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- Observational
- Frequency and impact of suboptimal immune recovery on first-line antiretroviral therapy within the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS in East Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- Efficient Inhibition of HIV Replication in the Gastrointestinal and Female Reproductive Tracts of Humanized BLT Mice by EFdA.PloS one · 2016Article
- Incomplete immune reconstitution despite virologic suppression in HIV-1 infected children and adolescents.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe impact of immunosuppression despite virological suppression (immuno-virological discordance, ID) on the risk of developing fatal and non-fatal AIDS/non-AIDS events is unclear and remains to be elucidated.
methodsPatients in EuroSIDA starting at least 1 new antiretroviral drug with CD4<350 cells/µl and viral load (VL)>500 copies/mL were followed-up from the first day of VL< = 50 copies/ml until a new fatal/non-fatal non-AIDS/AIDS event. Considered non-AIDS events included non-AIDS malignancies, pancreatitis, severe liver disease with hepatic encephalopathy (>grade 3), cardio- and cerebrovascular events, and end-stage renal disease. Patients were classified over time according to whether current CD4 count was above (non-ID) or below (ID) baseline level. Relative rates (RR) of events were calculated for ID vs. non-ID using adjusted Poisson regression models.
results2,913 patients contributed 11,491 person-years for the analysis of non-AIDS. 241 pre-specified non-AIDS events (including 84 deaths) and 89 AIDS events (including 10 deaths) occurred. The RR of developing pre-specified non-AIDS events for ID vs. non-ID was 1.96 (95% CI 1.37-2.81, p<0.001) in unadjusted analysis and 1.43 (0.94-2.17, p = 0.095) after controlling for current CD4 count. ID was not associated with the risk of AIDS events (aRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.41-1.38, p = 0.361).
conclusionCompared to CD4 responders, patients with immuno-virological discordance may be at increased risk of developing non-AIDS events. Further studies are warranted to establish whether in patients with ID, strategies to directly modify CD4 count response may be needed besides the use of ART.
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