Trial reportPLoS pathogens2014
Electron tomography of HIV-1 infection in gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
Trial report in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological synapse: structures, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Review
- The spatial biology of HIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Electron tomography visualization of HIV-1 virions trapped by fusion inhibitors to host cells in infected tissues.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Epistatic pathways can drive HIV-1 escape from integrase strand transfer inhibitors.Science advances · 2024Article
- Dynamics of upstream ESCRT organization at the HIV-1 budding site.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Antithetic effect of interferon-α on cell-free and cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Embedding of HIV Egress within Cortical F-Actin.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
- Probability of Immobilization on Host Cell Surface Regulates Viral Infectivity.Physical review letters · 2020Article
- The ESCRTs - converging on mechanism.Journal of cell science · 2020Review
- Article
- Article
- Article
- In Vivo Imaging-Driven Approaches to Study Virus Dissemination and Pathogenesis.Annual review of virology · 2019Review
- HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission and broadly neutralizing antibodies.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) evades antibody-dependent phagocytosis.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Multiscale Imaging of HIV-1 Transmission in Humanized Mice.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Critical aspects of HIV-1 infection occur in mucosal tissues, particularly in the gut, which contains large numbers of HIV-1 target cells that are depleted early in infection. We used electron tomography (ET) to image HIV-1 in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of HIV-1-infected humanized mice, the first three-dimensional ultrastructural examination of HIV-1 infection in vivo. Human immune cells were successfully engrafted in the mice, and following infection with HIV-1, human T cells were reduced in GALT. Virions were found by ET at all stages of egress, including budding immature virions and free mature and immature viruses. Immuno-electron microscopy verified the virions were HIV-1 and showed CD4 sequestration in the endoplasmic reticulum of infected cells. Observation of HIV-1 in infected GALT tissue revealed that most HIV-1-infected cells, identified by immunolabeling and/or the presence of budding virions, were localized to intestinal crypts with pools of free virions concentrated in spaces between cells. Fewer infected cells were found in mucosal regions and the lamina propria. The preservation quality of reconstructed tissue volumes allowed details of budding virions, including structures interpreted as host-encoded scission machinery, to be resolved. Although HIV-1 virions released from infected cultured cells have been described as exclusively mature, we found pools of both immature and mature free virions within infected tissue. The pools could be classified as containing either mostly mature or mostly immature particles, and analyses of their proximities to the cell of origin supported a model of semi-synchronous waves of virion release. In addition to HIV-1 transmission by pools of free virus, we found evidence of transmission via virological synapses. Three-dimensional EM imaging of an active infection within tissue revealed important differences between cultured cell and tissue infection models and furthered the ultrastructural understanding of HIV-1 transmission within lymphoid tissue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.