ArticleInternational journal of methods in psychiatric research2014
Profiling the subjective effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol using visual analogue scales.
Article in International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A single dose of L-DOPA changes perceptual experiences and decreases latent inhibition in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2017Trial
- Predicting Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Psychoactive and Cognitive Effects: A PBPK-PD Approach to Quantifying Feeling High and Reduced Alertness.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Assessing rates and predictors of cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms across observational, experimental and medical research.Nature. Mental health · 2024Article
- The thalamus in psychosis spectrum disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Rates and correlates of cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms in over 230,000 people who use cannabis.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Self-reported Subjective Effects of Analytically Confirmed New Psychoactive Substances Consumed by e-Psychonauts: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study Using a New Internet-Based Methodology.JMIR research protocols · 2021Article
- Effects of Cannabidiol and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Emotion, Cognition, and Attention: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Experimental Trial in Healthy Volunteers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Explorative Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Intervention Study with Low Doses of Inhaled Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Reveals No Effect on Sweet Taste Intensity Perception and Liking in Humans.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The subjective effects of cannabis and its main psychoactive component Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have played an important part in determining the therapeutic potential of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists. The effects mainly consist of feeling high, changes in perception, feelings of relaxation and occasionally dysphoric reactions. These effects are captured by two of the most frequently used visual analogue scales (VASs) in clinical (pharmacologic) research to measure subjective effects: VAS Bond and Lader (alertness, calmness and mood) and VAS Bowdle (psychedelic effects). In this analysis, the effects of THC on these VASs were compared within a total of 217 subjects who participated in 10 different studies. Not surprisingly, the item feeling high was found to be the best predictor for the effect of THC. Three separate clusters that describe the spectrum of subjective effects of THC were identified using different statistical methods, consisting of VAS "time", "thoughts" and "high" ("perception"), VAS "drowsy", "muzzy", "mentally slow" and "dreamy" ("relaxation") and VAS "voices", "meaning" and "suspicious" ("dysphoria"). These results provide experimental evidence that THC can evoke different classes of effects. These distinct subjective clusters could represent effects on various systems in the brain, which can be used to further differentiate the involvement of endocannabinoid systems in health and disease.
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