ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2014
Inhibition, executive function, and freezing of gait.
Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07024875 (Precision Neuroimaging of Parkinson's Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Precision Neuroimaging of Parkinson's Disease
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparing Backward Walking Performance in Parkinson's Disease with and without Freezing of Gait-A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- A Comprehensive Meta-analysis on Short-term and Working Memory Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.Neuropsychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Neuroimaging advances in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: A systematic review.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2019Pooled it
- Balance telerehabilitation and wearable technology for people with Parkinson's disease (TelePD trial).BMC neurology · 2023Trial
- 'Recoupling' the attentional and motor control of preparatory postural adjustments to overcome freezing of gait in Parkinson's.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Exercise for Parkinsonian Individuals With Freezing of Gait.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2020Trial
- Cognitively Challenging Agility Boot Camp Program for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson Disease.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2020Trial
- The role of the prefrontal cortex in freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: insights from a deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation exploratory study.Experimental brain research · 2017Trial
- Compensatory stepping in Parkinson's disease is still a problem after deep brain stimulation randomized to STN or GPi.Journal of neurophysiology · 2015Trial
- Breaking the Freeze: The Role of Cognitive Function in Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Theta-frequency subthalamic stimulation enhances conflict resolution in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait through frontal cortex modulation.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Anxiety-related attentional characteristics and their relation to freezing of gait in people with Parkinson's: Cross-validation of the Adapted Gait Specific Attentional Profile (G-SAP).Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Occurrence of Motor Complications and Gait Problems After Introduction of Medical Treatment in Parkinson's Disease.Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Glutamatergic Circuits in the Pedunculopontine Nucleus Modulate Multiple Motor Functions.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Cognitive Profiles Stratified by Education Using Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Freezing of Gait.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of freezing of gait in distinct Parkinsonism types by diffusion tensor imaging method and cognitive profiles.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Article
- Retrograde procedural memory is impaired in people with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Gait Declines Differentially in, and Improves Prediction of, People with Parkinson's Disease Converting to a Freezing of Gait Phenotype.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Gait Initiation Impairment in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Freezing of Gait.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Interval timing and midfrontal delta oscillations are impaired in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies suggest that freezing of gait (FoG) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with declines in executive function (EF). However, EF is multi-faceted, including three dissociable components: inhibiting prepotent responses, switching between task sets, and updating working memory.
objectiveThis study investigated which aspect of EF is most strongly associated with FoG in PD.
methodThree groups were studied: adults with PD (with and without FoG) and age-matched, healthy adults. All participants completed a battery of cognitive tasks previously shown to discriminate among the three EF components. Participants also completed a turning-in-place task that was scored for FoG by neurologists blind to subjects' self-reported FoG.
resultsCompared to both other groups, participants with FoG showed significant performance deficits in tasks associated with inhibitory control, even after accounting for differences in disease severity, but no significant deficits in task-switching or updating working memory. Surprisingly, the strongest effect was an intermittent tendency of participants with FoG to hesitate, and thus miss the response window, on go trials in the Go-Nogo task. The FoG group also made slower responses in the conflict condition of the Stroop task. Physician-rated FoG scores were correlated both with failures to respond on go trials and with failures to inhibit responses on nogo trials in the Go-Nogo task.
conclusionThese results suggest that FoG is associated with a specific inability to appropriately engage and release inhibition, rather than with a general executive deficit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.