ArticleMedical hypotheses2014
Altitude is a risk factor for completed suicide in bipolar disorder.
Article in Medical hypotheses, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of factors associated with greater likelihood of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in bipolar disorder: Part II of a report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide in Bipolar Disorder.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- Exploring the Link between Altitude of Residence and Smoking Patterns in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Molecular Changes Associated with Suicide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019.PloS one · 2022Article
- Bipolar Disorder and Suicide: a Review.Current psychiatry reports · 2020Review
- Cerebral bioenergetic differences measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy between bipolar disorder and healthy subjects living in two different regions suggesting possible effects of altitude.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2019Article
- Creatine for the Treatment of Depression.Biomolecules · 2019Review
- Association between altitude, prescription opioid misuse, and fatal overdoses.Addictive behaviors reports · 2019Article
- Hypoxia-related risk factors for death by suicide in a national clinical sample.Psychiatry research · 2019Article
- Injury-Related Deaths according to Environmental, Demographic, and Lifestyle Factors.Journal of environmental and public health · 2019Article
- Antiepileptic drugs and suicide-related outcomes in bipolar disorder: A descriptive review of published data.The mental health clinician · 2018Article
- An Ecological Study on the Spatially Varying Relationship between County-Level Suicide Rates and Altitude in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Modeling the effects of atmospheric pressure on suicide rates in the USA using geographically weighted regression.PloS one · 2018Article
- Identifying rare variants for genetic risk through a combined pedigree and phenotype approach: application to suicide and asthma.Translational psychiatry · 2014Article
- Altitude and risk of depression and anxiety: findings from the intern health study.International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe brain disease that is associated with a significant risk for suicide. Recent studies indicate that altitude of residence significantly affects overall rate of completed suicide, and is associated with a higher incidence of depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder has shown to be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction that may increase the severity of episodes. The present study used existing data sets to explore the hypothesis that altitude has a greater effect of suicide in BD, compared with other mental illnesses. The study utilized data extracted from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), a surveillance system designed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC). Data were available for 16 states for the years 2005-2008, representing a total of 35,725 completed suicides in 922 U.S. counties. Random coefficient and logistic regression models in the SAS PROC MIXED procedure were used to estimate the effect of altitude on decedent's mental health diagnosis. Altitude was a significant, independent predictor of the altitude at which suicides occurred (F=8.28, p=0.004 and Wald chi-square=21.67, p<0.0001). Least squares means of altitude, independent of other variables, indicated that individuals with BD committed suicide at the greatest mean altitude. Moreover, the mean altitude at which suicides occurred in BD was significantly higher than in decedents whose mental health diagnosis was major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, or anxiety disorder. Identifying diagnosis-specific risk factors such as altitude may aid suicide prevention efforts, and provide important information for improving the clinical management of BD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.