ArticleCanadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC2014
Pharmacy-based Immunization in Rural Communities Strategy (PhICS): A community cluster-randomized trial.
Article in Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Expanding vaccination provider types and administration sites can increase vaccination uptake: A systematic literature review of the evidence in non-United States geographies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacy-based immunization: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- The impact of pharmacist involvement on immunization uptake and other outcomes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAPooled it
- The impact of two-year community-wide pharmacy interventions on the public's knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors about pharmacists as immunizers.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Understanding the gap between guidelines and influenza vaccination coverage in people with diabetes: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Characteristics of immunisation support programmes in Canada: a scoping review and environmental scan.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Improving HPV vaccination using implementation strategies in community pharmacies: Pilot study protocol.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2020Article
- Pharmacists' Perspectives on Providing the Influenza Vaccine in Community Pharmacies: A Qualitative Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2020Article
- Evaluation of the impact of immunization policies, including the addition of pharmacists as immunizers, on influenza vaccination coverage in Nova Scotia, Canada: 2006 to 2016.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Impact of pharmacist administration of influenza vaccines on uptake in Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2017Article
- Evaluation of the first pharmacist-administered vaccinations in Western Australia: a mixed-methods study.BMJ open · 2016Article
- Impact of pharmacists as immunizers on influenza vaccination coverage in Nova Scotia, Canada.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Review
- Routine immunization of adults by pharmacists: Attitudes and beliefs of the Canadian public and health care providers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Article
- Impact of pharmacists as immunizers on influenza vaccination coverage in the community-setting in Nova Scotia, Canada: 2013-2015.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2016Article
- Pharmacists as immunizers: a survey of community pharmacists' willingness to administer adult immunizations.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2015Article
- Community pharmacist-administered influenza immunization improves patient access to vaccination.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC · 2014Article
- A future-forward influenza immunization model of care for high-risk patients in pharmacies: A Canadian consensus.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
- Pharmacists as immunizers to Improve coverage and provider/recipient satisfaction: A prospective, Controlled Community Embedded Study with vaccineS with low coverage rates (the Improve ACCESS Study): Study summary and anticipated significance.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada, with up to 7000 influenza-related deaths occurring every year. The elderly and individuals with chronic diseases are at increased risk for influenza-related morbidity and mortality.
methodsWe conducted a 2-year, community cluster-randomized trial targeting elderly people and at-risk groups to assess the effectiveness of pharmacy-based influenza vaccination clinics on influenza vaccination rates. Small rural communities in interior and northern British Columbia were randomly allocated to the intervention or control. In the intervention communities, pharmacy-based influenza vaccination clinics were held and were promoted to eligible patients using personalized invitations from the pharmacists, invitations distributed opportunistically by a pharmacist to eligible patients presenting to pharmacies during the flu season and community-wide promotion using posters and the local media. The main outcome measure was a difference in the mean influenza vaccination rates. The immunization rates were calculated using the number of immunizations given in each community divided by the population size estimated from the census data.
resultsBaseline influenza immunization rates in the population ≥65 years of age were the same in the control (n = 10, mean 85.6% [SD 16.6]) and intervention (n = 14, mean 83.8% [SD 16.3]) communities in 2009 (p = 0.79). In 2010, the mean influenza immunization rate was 56.9% (SD 28.0) in the control communities (n = 15) and 80.1% (SD 18.4) in the intervention communities (n = 14) (p = 0.01) for those ≥65 years of age. However, in 2010, for those 2 to 64 years with chronic medical conditions, the immunization rates were lower in the intervention communities (mean 16.3% [SD 7.1]) compared with the control communities (mean 21.2% [SD 5.8]) (p = 0.04).
conclusionClinics were feasible and well attended and they resulted in increased vaccination rates for elderly residents. In contrast, vaccination rates in the younger population with comorbidities remained low and unchanged.
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