ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2014
Adjuvanted poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle-entrapped inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine elicits cross-protective immune response in pigs.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Enhanced Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication in Nsp4- or Nsp2-Overexpressed Marc-145 Cell Lines.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation of mucosal adjuvants to chitosan-nanoparticle-based oral subunit vaccine for controlling salmonellosis in broilers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Research progress and strategies for vaccines and targeted drugs against highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
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- Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals that new insight intoFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Swine influenza A virus: challenges and novel vaccine strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Research Progress on the Development of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines.Veterinary sciences · 2023Review
- Enhanced mucosal immune responses and reduced viral load in the respiratory tract of ferrets to intranasal lipid nanoparticle-based SARS-CoV-2 proteins and mRNA vaccines.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific IgM as a novel adjuvant for an inactivated PRRSV vaccine improves protection efficiency and enhances cell-mediated immunity against heterologous PRRSV challenge.Veterinary research · 2022Article
- Intranasal delivery of inactivated PRRSV loaded cationic nanoparticles coupled with enterotoxin subunit B induces PRRSV-specific immune responses in pigs.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Oral Supplementation ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Displaying epitope B and epitope 7 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on virus like particles of porcine circovirus type 2 provides partial protection to pigs.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Toward the prevention of coronavirus infection: what role can polymers play?Materials today. Advances · 2021Review
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- The Function of the PRRSV-Host Interactions and Their Effects on Viral Replication and Propagation in Antiviral Strategies.Vaccines · 2021Review
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- Nanoparticle-based vaccine development and evaluation against viral infections in pigs.Veterinary research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is an economically devastating disease, causing daily losses of approximately $3 million to the US pork industry. Current vaccines have failed to completely prevent PRRS outbreaks. Recently, we have shown that poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticle-entrapped inactivated PRRSV vaccine (NP-KAg) induces a cross-protective immune response in pigs. To further improve its cross-protective efficacy, the NP-KAg vaccine formulation was slightly modified, and pigs were coadministered the vaccine twice intranasally with a potent adjuvant: Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole-cell lysate. In vaccinated virulent heterologous PRRSV-challenged pigs, the immune correlates in the blood were as follows: 1) enhanced PRRSV-specific antibody response with enhanced avidity of both immunoglobulin (Ig)-G and IgA isotypes, associated with augmented virus-neutralizing antibody titers; 2) comparable and increased levels of virus-specific IgG₁ and IgG₂ antibody subtypes and production of high levels of both T-helper (Th)-1 and Th2 cytokines, indicative of a balanced Th1-Th2 response; 3) suppressed immunosuppressive cytokine response; 4) increased frequency of interferon-γ(+) lymphocyte subsets and expanded population of antigen-presenting cells; and most importantly 5) complete clearance of detectable replicating challenged heterologous PRRSV and close to threefold reduction in viral ribonucleic acid load detected in the blood. In conclusion, intranasal delivery of adjuvanted NP-KAg vaccine formulation to growing pigs elicited a broadly cross-protective immune response, showing the potential of this innovative vaccination strategy to prevent PRRS outbreaks in pigs. A similar approach to control other respiratory diseases in food animals and humans appears to be feasible.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.