ArticleSexually transmitted infections2014
The sexual health of female sex workers compared with other women in England: analysis of cross-sectional data from genitourinary medicine clinics.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors for key infectious diseases amongst migrants to the UK: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Structural determinants of HIV/STI prevalence, HIV/STI/sexual and reproductive health access, and condom use among immigrant sex workers globally.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Sex Worker Health Outcomes in High-Income Countries of Varied Regulatory Environments: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Factors Associated with Sexual Risks and Risk of STIs, HIV and Other Blood-Borne Viruses Among Women Using Heroin and Other Drugs: A Systematic Literature Review.AIDS and behavior · 2019Pooled it
- Associations between sex work laws and sex workers' health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies.PLoS medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus,BioMed research international · 2021Trial
- Using the Candidacy Framework to Explore Access to NHS Healthcare for Street Sex Workers in Sheffield: An Ethnography and Art-Based Research Project.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessing the association between elements of health inequalities and the risk of bacterial infection in high-income countries: a systematic scoping review.Access microbiology · 2026Review
- Health Status and Use of Healthcare Services of Undocumented Migrant Sex Workers in Catalonia: A Descriptive Study Using Administrative Registries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Community-based testing of migrants for infectious diseases (COMBAT-ID): observational cohort study measuring the effectiveness of routine testing for infectious diseases among migrants attending primary care.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Training needs of German healthcare professionals regarding sexual health and sex workers: results of a nationwide, cross-sectional survey.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Retrospective cohort study assessing coverage, uptake and associations with hepatitis B vaccination among females who engage in sex work attending sexual health services in England between 2015 and 2019.Sexually transmitted infections · 2023Article
- Burden of Disease of Gonorrhoea in Latin America: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis from a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in Southern Spain.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The forgotten people: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a priority for the inclusion health agenda.eLife · 2023Article
- Cervical cancer screening programs for female sex workers: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The Effect of Systemic Racism and Homophobia on Police Enforcement and Sexual and Emotional Violence among Sex Workers in East London: Findings from a Cohort Study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among homeless people and shelter workers in Denmark: a nationwide cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile female sex workers (FSWs) are assumed to be at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), there are limited comparative data with other population groups available. Using routine STI surveillance data, we investigated differences in sexual health between FSWs and other female attendees at genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics in England.
methodsDemographic characteristics, STI prevalence and service usage among FSWs and other attendees in 2011 were compared using logistic regression.
resultsIn 2011, 2704 FSWs made 8411 recorded visits to 131/208 GUM clinics, (primarily large, FSW-specialist centres in London). FSWs used a variety of services, however, 10% did not have an STI/HIV test at presentation. By comparison with other female attendees, FSWs travelled further for their care and had increased risk of certain STIs (e.g., gonorrhoea ORadj: 2.76, 95% CI 2.16 to 3.54, p<0.001). Migrant FSWs had better sexual health outcomes than UK-born FSWs (e.g., period prevalence of chlamydia among those tested: 8.5% vs 13.5%, p<0.001) but were more likely to experience non-STI outcomes (eg, pelvic inflammatory disease ORadj: 2.92, 95% CI 1.57 to 5.41, p<0.001).
conclusionsFSWs in England have access to high-quality care through the GUM clinic network, but there is evidence of geographical inequality in access to these services. A minority do not appear to access STI/HIV testing through clinics, and some STIs are more prevalent among FSWs than other female attendees. Targeted interventions aimed at improving uptake of testing in FSWs should be developed, and need to be culturally sensitive to the needs of this predominantly migrant population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.