ArticleInflammation2014
Gapdh gene expression is modulated by inflammatory arthritis and is not suitable for qPCR normalization.
Article in Inflammation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Citrullinated histone H3 and elevated polyamine metabolism gene expression in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes as biomarkers for poor immunotherapy response in cancer patients.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Integrating transcriptomic analysis to explore biomarkers and therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control and systems biology approach.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Validation of Housekeeping Genes for Normalizing RNA Expression in Real-Time PCR in Tuberculomas and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The association between inefficient repair of oxidative DNA lesions and common polymorphisms of the key base excision repair genes as well as their expression levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Identification of stable housekeeping genes in mouse liver for studying carbon tetrachloride-induced injury and cellular senescence.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Insensitive Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on the Reference Genes of Synovial Fluid Resident-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Selection of Ideal Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in COVID-19 and Mucormycosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- miR-155-3p: processing by-product or rising star in immunity and cancer?Open biology · 2022Review
- Stability of housekeeping genes in inflamed joints of spontaneous and collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2021Article
- Relative versus absolute RNA quantification: a comparative analysis based on the example of endothelial expression of vasoactive receptors.Biological procedures online · 2021Article
- Validation of reference genes for expression analysis in a murine trauma model combining traumatic brain injury and femoral fracture.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Therapeutic senescence via GPCR activation in synovial fibroblasts facilitates resolution of arthritis.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Role of 11β-HSD type 1 in abnormal HPA axis activity during immune-mediated arthritis.Endocrine connections · 2018Article
- Constitutive Activation of Integrin α9 Augments Self-Directed Hyperplastic and Proinflammatory Properties of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Importance of reference gene selection for articular cartilage mechanobiology studies.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2016Article
- Article
- Stability Assessment of Candidate Reference Genes in Urine Sediment of Prostate Cancer Patients for miRNA Applications.Disease markers · 2015Article
- Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies related to intramuscular fat deposition in Capra hircus skeletal muscle.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gene expression studies are fundamental for the understanding of complex diseases, providing new insights into the pathogenic process and new tools for diagnostic and patient stratification. Gene profiling studies by real-time PCR require the use of reference genes for normalization and an appropriate validation is essential for accurate results. We performed a comprehensive assessment of six common housekeeping genes in the K/BxN serum-induced arthritis model in mice. Classical statistics and NormFinder analyses pointed out Gapdh as the less stable and therefore unsuitable as a reference control. Gapdh was considerably down-regulated in arthritic joints and therefore produced an overestimation of transcriptional changes. Hptr, B2m, and Rpl13a showed the most constant expression. Collectively our data advise against the use of Gapdh in gene expression studies in the acute phase of the K/BxN model and adds a cautionary note on the need to validate the reference genes for reliable, comparable, and reproducible results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.