ArticleAutophagy2014
Alcohol-induced autophagy contributes to loss in skeletal muscle mass.
Article in Autophagy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Malnutrition, Frailty, and Sarcopenia in Patients With Cirrhosis: 2021 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2021Guideline
- Expression of genes in the skeletal muscle of individuals with cachexia/sarcopenia: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for sarcopenia - a meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2016Pooled it
- Metabolic and molecular responses to leucine-enriched branched chain amino acid supplementation in the skeletal muscle of alcoholic cirrhosis.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2015Trial
- Burden of malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis: pathophysiology, assessment, and management.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- Alcohol Consumption During Muscle Disuse Causes Differential Signaling Responses in a Muscle-Specific Manner in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- MG53 mediates skeletal muscle-liver cross-talk and enhances alcohol metabolism in alcoholic liver disease.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Hyaluronan 35 prevents endotoxin-mediated dysregulated skeletal muscle proteostasis during ethanol exposure.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Current management strategies for sarcopenia and frailty in cirrhosis: Missing link in transplant candidacy.World journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Alcohol-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Adaptations and Their Impact on Comorbidities.The American journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Integrated Multiomics Analyses of the Molecular Landscape of Sarcopenia in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Association between indoor ventilation frequency and low muscle mass among older adults in China: a national cross-sectional research.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Alcoholic Liver Disease Affect Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis and Differentiation.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Alcohol consumption may not be a risk factor for sarcopenia in the older adults.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Autophagy in Muscle Regeneration: Mechanisms, Targets, and Therapeutic Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Etiology-Specific Effects of Impaired Functional Status on Liver Transplant Outcomes.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Article
- Ultrasound Assessment of Sarcopenia in Alcoholic Liver Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatitis have severe muscle loss. Since ethanol impairs skeletal muscle protein synthesis but does not increase ubiquitin proteasome-mediated proteolysis, we investigated whether alcohol-induced autophagy contributes to muscle loss. Autophagy induction was studied in: A) Human skeletal muscle biopsies from alcoholic cirrhotics and controls, B) Gastrocnemius muscle from ethanol and pair-fed mice, and C) Ethanol-exposed murine C2C12 myotubes, by examining the expression of autophagy markers assessed by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Expression of autophagy genes and markers were increased in skeletal muscle from humans and ethanol-fed mice, and in myotubes following ethanol exposure. Importantly, pulse-chase experiments showed suppression of myotube proteolysis upon ethanol-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3MA) and not by MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. Correspondingly, ethanol-treated C2C12 myotubes stably expressing GFP-LC3B showed increased autophagy flux as measured by accumulation of GFP-LC3B vesicles with confocal microscopy. The ethanol-induced increase in LC3B lipidation was reversed upon knockdown of Atg7, a critical autophagy gene and was associated with reversal of the ethanol-induced decrease in myotube diameter. Consistently, CT image analysis of muscle area in alcoholic cirrhotics was significantly reduced compared with control subjects. In order to determine whether ethanol per se or its metabolic product, acetaldehyde, stimulates autophagy, C2C12 myotubes were treated with ethanol in the presence of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor (4-methylpyrazole) or the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor (cyanamide). LC3B lipidation increased with acetaldehyde treatment and increased further with the addition of cyanamide. We conclude that muscle autophagy is increased by ethanol exposure and contributes to sarcopenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.