ArticleJournal of inflammation (London, England)2014
Expression and activation of toll-like receptor 3 and toll-like receptor 4 on human corneal epithelial and conjunctival fibroblasts.
Article in Journal of inflammation (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lacticaseibacillus paracasei KBL382 contributes to the immunomodulation in THP-1 cells.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Assessing the Independent and Combined Effects of Hyperosmolarity and Inflammatory Stress on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor-4 expression and oxidative stress in ocular rosacea.Molecular vision · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptor-4 expression and oxidative stress in ocular rosacea.Molecular vision · 2023Article
- Clinical Management of Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Expression levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 and certain antimicrobial peptides in concurrent with bacterial conjunctivitis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin with interleukin-4 in adaptive immunity duringInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Innate Immunity and Biological Therapies for the Treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Advanced Glycation End Products and Receptor (RAGE) Promote Wound Healing of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Cell Surface Expression of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors-A Necessity or a Superfluous Duplication?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Mitogenic lectins from Cephalosporium curvulum (CSL) and Aspergillus oryzae (AOL) mediate host-pathogen interactions leading to mycotic keratitis.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2017Article
- Intrahepatic Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Chronic HBV Infection Subjects: Asymptomatic Carriers, Active Chronic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Hepatitis monthly · 2016Article
- Association between toll-like receptor 4 expression and symptoms of major depressive disorder.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2015Article
- TLR-Dependent Human Mucosal Epithelial Cell Responses to Microbial Pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundToll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognized as important contributors to the initiation and modulation of the inflammatory response in the eye. This study investigated the precise expression patterns and functionality of TLRs in human corneal epithelial cells (HCE) and in conjunctival fibroblasts (HCF).
methodsThe cell surface expression of TLRs 2-4, TLR7 and TLR9 in HCE and HCF was examined by flow cytometry with or without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). The mRNA expression of the TLRs was determined by real-time PCR. The protein content levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in HCE and HCF using multiplex fluorescent bead immunoassay (FBI).
resultsThe surface expression of TLR3 and TLR4 was detected on both HCE and HCF. Following incubation with LPS, the percentage of HCE cells staining for TLR4 decreased from 10.18% to 0.62% (P < 0.001). Incubation with poly I:C lowered the percentage of HCE cells positive for TLR3 from 10.44% to 2.84% (P < 0.001). The mRNA expression of TLRs2, 4, 7 and 9 was detected in HCE only. Activation of HCE with LPS complex elicited protein secretion up to 4.51 ± 0.85-fold higher levels of IL-6 (P < 0.05), 2.5 ± 0.36-fold IL-8 (P > 0.05), 4.35 ± 1.12-fold IL-1β (P > 0.05) and 29.35 ± 2.3-fold TNFα (P < 0.05) compared to cells incubated in medium.
conclusionsHCF and HCE both express TLRs that respond to specific ligands by increasing cytokine expression. Following activation, the surface expression of TLR3 and TLR4 on HCE is decreased, thus creating a negative feedback loop, mitigating the effect of TLR activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.