ArticlePloS one2014
Cigarette smoke toxins deposited on surfaces: implications for human health.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It carries an expression of concern. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experimental Acute Exposure to Thirdhand Smoke and Changes in the Human Nasal Epithelial Transcriptome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2019Trial
- Parental Smoking and E-cigarette Use in Homes and Cars.Pediatrics · 2019Trial
- Thirdhand Smoke in the Homes of Medically Fragile Children: Assessing the Impact of Indoor Smoking Levels and Smoking Bans.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- A minimal intervention to promote smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers: a randomized controlled trial.American journal of public health · 2015Trial
- Quantitative reference levels for thirdhand smoke residue from tobacco products in indoor environments: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Review
- A Critical Perspective on the Role of Thirdhand Smoke in Tumorigenesis: Initiator or Promoter.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Association Between Urinary Cotinine and Whole-Slide Digital Cytomorphometric Alterations in the Oral Mucosa of Tobacco Smoke-Exposed Cats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Formal tobacco-control training and thirdhand smoke counseling practices among pediatric nurses in China: a cross-sectional study of cognitive and implementation factors.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Low dose thirdhand smoke exposure enhances platelet functional responses in mice.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Memory under siege: the cognitive costs of smoking and vaping.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Alterations in the Platelet Transcriptome Mediate Prenatal Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Associated Thrombogenicity via Integrated miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cigarette Smoke Contributes to the Progression of MASLD: From the Molecular Mechanisms to Therapy.Cells · 2025Review
- Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Gut Microbiota, and Nicotine in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Third-Hand Smoke Exacerbates HTurkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Article
- Policy-relevant differences between secondhand and thirdhand smoke: strengthening protections from involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke pollutants.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Sex-Dependent Occlusive Cardiovascular Disease Effects of Short-Term Thirdhand Smoke Exposure.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Smoking Status and Premature Death Among Japanese Rural Community-Dwelling Persons.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
- Thirdhand vaping exposures are associated with pulmonary and systemic inflammation in a mouse model.Journal of environmental exposure assessment · 2023Article
- Article
- Thirdhand Smoke Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviors among Parents and Families: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
23 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains a significant health threat for smokers and nonsmokers alike. Secondhand smoke (SHS) is intrinsically more toxic than directly inhaled smoke. Recently, a new threat has been discovered - Thirdhand smoke (THS) - the accumulation of SHS on surfaces that ages with time, becoming progressively more toxic. THS is a potential health threat to children, spouses of smokers and workers in environments where smoking is or has been allowed. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of THS on liver, lung, skin healing, and behavior, using an animal model exposed to THS under conditions that mimic exposure of humans. THS-exposed mice show alterations in multiple organ systems and excrete levels of NNAL (a tobacco-specific carcinogen biomarker) similar to those found in children exposed to SHS (and consequently to THS). In liver, THS leads to increased lipid levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a precursor to cirrhosis and cancer and a potential contributor to cardiovascular disease. In lung, THS stimulates excess collagen production and high levels of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting propensity for fibrosis with implications for inflammation-induced diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. In wounded skin, healing in THS-exposed mice has many characteristics of the poor healing of surgical incisions observed in human smokers. Lastly, behavioral tests show that THS-exposed mice become hyperactive. The latter data, combined with emerging associated behavioral problems in children exposed to SHS/THS, suggest that, with prolonged exposure, they may be at significant risk for developing more severe neurological disorders. These results provide a basis for studies on the toxic effects of THS in humans and inform potential regulatory policies to prevent involuntary exposure to THS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.