ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
CD4+ T cells contain early extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) dissemination and rapid TB progression and sustain multieffector functions of CD8+ T and CD3- lymphocytes: mechanisms of CD4+ T cell immunity.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- The study of immunological markers in tuberculosis across animal models and its translation to human research.Lab animal · 2026Review
- Impaired IFNγ responsiveness of monocyte-derived lung cells limits immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- HIV impairs and exploits pulmonary Th17 and Th22 cell-mediated immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Antigen-specific chemokine CCL3 as a biomarker for distinguishing between recent and remote tuberculosis infection.Infection · 2025Article
- Impaired IFNγ responsiveness of monocyte-derived lung cells limits immunity tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Effect of glycemic control on lymphocyte subsets in the dissemination of pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective analysis.Infectious medicine · 2025Article
- Editorial: Tuberculosis and humoral immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Humoral correlate of vaccine-mediated protection from tuberculosis identified in humans and non-human primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- An intranasal nanoparticle vaccine elicits protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Vaccine · 2024Article
- The evolving landscape of IL-10, IL-22 and IL-26 in pleurisy especially in tuberculous pleurisy.Respiratory research · 2024Review
- Development and Evaluation of a Promising Biomarker for Diagnosis of Latent and Active Tuberculosis Infection.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2024Article
- Heterogeneity in immune cell composition is associated withFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Identification of diagnostic biomarkers correlate with immune infiltration in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Dominant negative biologics normalise the tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) induced angiogenesis which exploits the Mycobacterium tuberculosis dissemination.BMC immunology · 2023Article
- Immunocyte count combined with CT features for distinguishing pulmonary tuberculoma from malignancy among non-calcified solitary pulmonary solid nodules.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Bacterial dissemination inThe Indian journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The emerging roles of long non-coding RNA in host immune response and intracellular bacterial infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Immunogenicity and protection against Mycobacterium avium with a heterologous RNA prime and protein boost vaccine regimen.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2023Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The possibility that CD4(+) T cells can act as "innate-like" cells to contain very early Mycobacterium tuberculosis dissemination and function as master helpers to sustain multiple effector functions of CD8(+) T cells and CD3(-) lymphocytes during development of adaptive immunity against primary tuberculosis (TB) has not been demonstrated. We showed that pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection of CD4-depleted macaques surprisingly led to very early extrapulmonary M. tuberculosis dissemination, whereas CD4 deficiency clearly resulted in rapid TB progression. CD4 depletion during M. tuberculosis infection revealed the ability of CD8(+) T cells to compensate and rapidly differentiate to Th17-like/Th1-like and cytotoxic-like effectors, but these effector functions were subsequently unsustainable due to CD4 deficiency. Whereas CD3(-) non-T lymphocytes in the presence of CD4(+) T cells developed predominant Th22-like and NK-like (perforin production) responses to M. tuberculosis infection, CD4 depletion abrogated these Th22-/NK-like effector functions and favored IL-17 production by CD3(-) lymphocytes. CD4-depleted macaques exhibited no or few pulmonary T effector cells constitutively producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-22, and perforin at the endpoint of more severe TB, but they presented pulmonary IL-4(+) T effectors. TB granulomas in CD4-depleted macaques contained fewer IL-22(+) and perforin(+) cells despite the presence of IL-17(+) and IL-4(+) cells. These results implicate a previously unknown innate-like ability of CD4(+) T cells to contain extrapulmonary M. tuberculosis dissemination at very early stage. Data also suggest that CD4(+) T cells are required to sustain multiple effector functions of CD8(+) T cells and CD3(-) lymphocytes and to prevent rapid TB progression during M. tuberculosis infection of nonhuman primates.
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