ReviewTrends in molecular medicine2014
The new normal: immunomodulatory agents against sepsis immune suppression.
Review in Trends in molecular medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Targets to Mitigate Trauma- or Sepsis-Induced Immune Suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Endogenous IgG hypogammaglobulinaemia in critically ill adults with sepsis: systematic review and meta-analysis.Intensive care medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36), Guanyuan (CV4), and Qihai (CV6) Acupoints Regulates Immune Function in Patients with Sepsis via the PD-1 Pathway.BioMed research international · 2022Trial
- Trial
- The Effect of Intraoperative N-Acetylcysteine on Hepatocellular Injury During Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery. A Randomised Controlled Trial.Obesity surgery · 2016Trial
- Risk Models of Operative Morbidities in 16,930 Critically Ill Surgical Patients Based on a Japanese Nationwide Database.Medicine · 2015Trial
- A Sulfonamide Intermediate Elicits Therapeutic Effect Against Sepsis by Enhancing Neutrophil Maturation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Lactate and ICU-Acquired Infection in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: A Retrospective Study Using the MIMIC-IV Database.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment of soluble PD-L1 in septic shock in relation to immunosuppressive phenotypes.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Advances in IL-15-Based Cancer Immunotherapy and Divergent Immunological Effects of IL-2 and IL-15 Signaling via the Shared IL-2Rβγ Receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Associated With Expansion of Immunoregulatory Hepatic NKp46Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Macrophage TMEM175-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of Cathepsins Drives Bacterial Killing in Sepsis.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Observational
- Mechanisms of immune suppression in sepsis/shock: one investigator's/lab group's experience (SLB 2024 legacy award presentation).Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Baoshen rehabilitation granules ameliorate sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- The Novel Role of the Expression of Toll-like Receptors TLR-5, TLR-6, and TLR-9 and Associated Up-Regulation of Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (PD-1) and Its Ligand (PD-L1) in Lung Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Clinical management of sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: current evidence and future directions.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Modulation of brain immune microenvironment and cellular dynamics in systemic inflammation.Theranostics · 2025Article
- PD-L1 Expression Is Increased in LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by PI3K-AKT-Egr-1/C/EBPδ Signaling Pathway.Inflammation · 2024Article
- Review
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death among critically ill patients in intensive care units, and treatment options are limited. Therapies developed against the proinflammatory stage have failed clinically; therefore, new approaches that target the host immune response in sepsis are necessary. Increasing evidence suggests that a major pathophysiological event in sepsis is immune suppression, often resulting in secondary fungal, bacterial, or viral infections. Recent studies from animal sepsis models and patient samples suggest that cytokines such as interleukin-7 (IL-7), IL-15, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as well as co-inhibitory molecule blockade, such as anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-B and T lymphocyte attenuator (anti-BTLA), may have utility in alleviating the clinical morbidity associated with sustained sepsis. This review discusses some of these novel immunomodulatory agents and evaluates their potential use as therapeutics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.