ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2014
Presence of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures is associated with a protective immunity in patients with lung cancer.
Article in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04525859 (Direct Injection of Poly-ICLC), which is not on this map. Cited by 545 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Direct Injection of Poly-ICLC (Hiltonol®) Vaccine In Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Who cites it
545 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 788 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prognostic significance of tertiary lymphoid structures in oral squamous cell carcinomas: a systematic review.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Tumor-Immune Signatures of Treatment Resistance to Brentuximab Vedotin with Ipilimumab and/or Nivolumab in Hodgkin Lymphoma.Cancer research communications · 2024Trial
- Inferring Phenotypes of Single Cells Based on the Expression Profiles of Phenotype-Associated Marker Genes in Bulks and Single Cells.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- B cells in cancer: functions, mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: their development, composition, clinical prognosis, and the drivers of the anti-tumor responses.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- The multifaceted roles of tumor-infiltrating plasma cells in cancer immunology.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- Humoral immunity in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Migration of immune cells in tumors and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- TLS as Predictors and Targets in Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC.Thoracic cancer · 2026Review
- Interferon-Mediated Regulation of Memory B Cell Identity and Function.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy and tertiary lymphoid structures: balancing immune activation and immune damage in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Defining the rules of engagement: B cells, antibodies and cancer control.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor-Induced Splenic Remodeling: Mechanisms of Systemic Immunosuppression and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- The formation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals PAX5's role and regulatory mechanisms in gastric adenocarcinoma lymph node metastasis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- SpaPheno: linking spatial transcriptomics to clinical phenotypes with interpretable machine learning.Genome medicine · 2026Article
485 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleIt is now well established that immune responses can take place outside of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. We previously described the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized by clusters of mature dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells surrounded by B-cell follicles. We demonstrated that the density of these mature DCs was associated with favorable clinical outcome.
objectivesTo study the role of follicular B cells in TLS and the potential link with a local humoral immune response in patients with NSCLC.
methodsThe cellular composition of TLS was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Characterization of B-cell subsets was performed by flow cytometry. A retrospective study was conducted in two independent cohorts of patients. Antibody specificity was analyzed by ELISA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsConsistent with TLS organization, all stages of B-cell differentiation were detectable in most tumors. Germinal center somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination machineries were activated, associated with the generation of plasma cells. Approximately half of the patients showed antibody reactivity against up to 7 out of the 33 tumor antigens tested. A high density of follicular B cells correlated with long-term survival, both in patients with early-stage NSCLC and with advanced-stage NSCLC treated with chemotherapy. The combination of follicular B cell and mature DC densities allowed the identification of patients with the best clinical outcome.
conclusionsB-cell density represents a new prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patient survival, and makes the link between TLS and a protective B cell-mediated immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.