ReviewInternational endodontic journal2014
Aetiology, incidence and morphology of the C-shaped root canal system and its impact on clinical endodontics.
Review in International endodontic journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multinational cross-sectional study and meta-analysis on radicular grooves, C-shaped canals, and taurodontism in mandibular first premolars across 20 countries.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Postoperative pain after SWEEPS, PIPS, sonic and ultrasonic-assisted irrigation activation techniques: a randomized clinical trial.Odontology · 2022Trial
- C-Shaped Root Canal Morphology in Mandibular Posterior Teeth-A Retrospective CBCT Study Based on Two Classification Systems.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of electrode distance, axial position, and energization time on cauterization of root canal isthmuses using high-frequency current.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Evaluation of various obturation techniques with AH Plus Jet sealer in simulated C-shaped canals.The Saudi dental journal · 2026Article
- Root canal and nasopalatine canal morphology in a Guangxi population: a cone-beam CT study on regional variations.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Root Canal Obturation Quality in 3D-Printed C-Shaped Canals with Different Filling Techniques.Acta stomatologica Croatica · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of the Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary and Mandibular Premolars in an Emirati Sub-Population.International dental journal · 2025Article
- C-shaped root canal systems in the bilateral mandibular first molars: a case report and literature review.BMC oral health · 2025Review
- Dentin thickness of C-shaped root canal walls in mandibular premolars based on cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Morphology of C-Shaped Canals in Mandibular Second Molars: A Cross-Sectional Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study in an Ecuadorian Population.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessment of gap areas of root filling techniques in teeth with 3D-printed different configurations of C-shaped root canals: a micro-computed tomography study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and morphology of lower second molars with C-Shaped canals: A CBCT analysis.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- Integrated Endodontic and Restorative Management of C-Shaped Canals with Severe Coronal Loss in Mandibular Second Molar: A Case Report.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2025Article
- Controversial terminology in root and canal anatomy: A comprehensive review.European endodontic journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The C-shaped root canal constitutes an unusual root morphology that can be found primarily in mandibular second permanent molars. Due to the complexity of their structure, C-shaped root canal systems may complicate endodontic interventions. A thorough understanding of root canal morphology is therefore imperative for proper diagnosis and successful treatment. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding C-shaped roots and root canals, from basic morphology to advanced endodontic procedures. To this end, a systematic search was conducted using the MEDLINE, BIOSIS, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PLoS and BioMed Central databases, and many rarely cited articles were included. Furthermore, four interactive 3D models of extracted teeth are introduced that will allow for a better understanding of the complex C-shaped root canal morphology. In addition, the present publication includes an embedded best-practice video showing an exemplary root canal procedure on a tooth with a pronounced C-shaped root canal. The survey of this unusual structure concludes with a number of suggestions concerning future research efforts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.