ArticleBMC immunology2014
High CD56++CD16- natural killer (NK) cells among suboptimal immune responders after four years of suppressive antiretroviral therapy in an African adult HIV treatment cohort.
Article in BMC immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- CD56-negative NK cells: Frequency in peripheral blood, expansion during HIV-1 infection, functional capacity, and KIR expression.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Low antigen-specific CD4 T-cell immune responses despite normal absolute CD4 counts after long-term antiretroviral therapy an African cohort.Immunology letters · 2014Trial
- Persistent immune dysfunction during suppressive antiretroviral therapy: implications for analytical treatment interruption trials for chronic HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Natural Killer Repertoire Restoration in TB/HIV Co-Infected Individuals Experienced an Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (CAMELIA Trial, ANRS 12153).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune recovery in HIV/AIDS patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Longitudinal patients' cohorts for impactful research and HIV care at the Infectious Diseases Institute.African health sciences · 2022Article
- CD56International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
- Aberrant natural killer (NK) cell activation and dysfunction among ART-treated HIV-infected adults in an African cohort.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2019Article
- Effects of HIV infection and ART on phenotype and function of circulating monocytes, natural killer, and innate lymphoid cells.AIDS research and therapy · 2018Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUp to 40% of HIV-infected individuals receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) have poor CD4+ T-cell recovery. The role of natural killer (NK) cells in immune recovery during HAART is not well understood. We described the profiles of NK cell subsets and their expression of activating receptor, NKG2D and cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 among suboptimal immune responders to despite four years of suppressive HAART.
methodsA case control study utilized frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a cohort of HIV-infected adults that initiated HAART in 2004/5, at CD4 < 200 cells/μl. Cases were 'suboptimal' responders; patients within the lowest quartile of CD4+ T-cell reconstitution, with a median CD4 count increase of 129 (-43-199) cells/μl (difference between CD4 count at baseline and after 4 years of HAART) and controls were 'super-optimal' responders; patients within the highest quartile of CD4 T-cell reconstitution with a median CD4 count increase of 528 (416-878) cells/μl). Expression of NK cell lineage markers (CD56+/-CD16+/-) and receptors NKG2D and NKp46, was measured among PBMC from 29 cases of 'suboptimal' responders' and 23 controls of 'super-optimal responders', and compared among 'suboptimal' and 'super-optimal' responders. NK cell populations were compared using the Holm Sidak multiple comparison test and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Data was analyzed using FLOWJO and GraphPad Prism 6.
results'Suboptimal responders' had a higher proportion of cytokine producing CD56(++)CD16(+/-) (CD56bri) NK cells than the 'super-optimal responders' p = 0.017, and CD56(neg) NK cells were lower among suboptimal than super-optimal responders (p = 0.007). The largest NK cell subset, CD56(dim), was comparable among suboptimal responders and 'super-optimal immune responders'. Expression of NKG2D and NKp46 receptors on NK cell subsets (CD56(bri), CD56(neg) and CD56(dim)), was comparable among 'suboptimal' and 'super-optimal' immune responders.
conclusionsThe pro-inflammatory CD56++CD16-- NK cells were higher among 'suboptimal' responders relative to 'super-optimal' responders, despite four years of suppressive HAART. Alteration of NK cell populations could inhibit host immune responses to infections among suboptimal responders. We recommend further analysis of NK cell function among suboptimal immune responders in order to inform targeted interventions to optimize immune recovery among HAART-treated adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.