ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2014
Epidemiological, humanistic, and economic burden of illness of lower limb spasticity in adults: a systematic review.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation on spasticity in upper motor neuron conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Spinal cord · 2023Pooled it
- AbobotulinumtoxinA Doses in Upper and Lower Limb Spasticity: A Systematic Literature Review.Toxins · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review on extracorporeal shock wave therapy and botulinum toxin for spasticity treatment: a comparison on efficacy.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Spasticity After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Add-On Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions for managing skeletal muscle spasticity following traumatic brain injury.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic Literature Review of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Clinical Trials for Lower Limb Spasticity.Medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Peripheral magnetic theta burst stimulation to muscles can effectively reduce spasticity: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Trial
- Impact of early intervention with onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in adult patients with post-stroke lower limb spasticity: results from the double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 REFLEX study.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2020Trial
- Efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA in spastic lower limb: Randomized trial and extension.Neurology · 2017Trial
- Construction and verification of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of post-stroke spasticity: a retrospective study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Benefits of Incobotulinumtoxin A in Pain, Spasticity and Functionality-A 5 Years Review.Toxins · 2026Article
- Quality of Life Assessment Using the Leg Activity Measure in Ambulatory Individuals With Leg Spasticity: Findings From a Longitudinal, Observational Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Routine Practice.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Article
- Stretching exercises in managing spasticity: effectiveness, risks, and adjunct therapies.European journal of translational myology · 2024Article
- Evaluating Community-Based Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy: Effectiveness, Safety, and Feasibility.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Health care resource utilization and costs among patients with spasticity or cervical dystonia.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024Observational
- Article
- Clinical presentation of patients with lower limb spasticity undergoing routine treatment with botulinum toxin: baseline findings from an international observational study.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, humanistic, and economic burden of illness associated with adult lower limb spasticity (LLS) and its complications.
methodsA systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE identified 23 studies published between January 2002 and October 2012 that assessed the epidemiology, impact, and resource use associated with LLS. A hand-search of four neurology conferences identified abstracts published between 2010 and 2012.
resultsLLS was found to occur in one third of adults after stroke, half to two thirds with multiple sclerosis, and three quarters with cerebral palsy. LLS limits mobility and reduces quality of life. No clear association was found between LLS and occurrence of pain, development of contractures, or risk of falls.
conclusionThe evidence on the burden of LLS and its complications is surprisingly limited given the condition's high prevalence among adults with common disorders, such as stroke. Further research is needed to clarify the impact of LLS, including the likelihood of thrombosis in spastic lower limbs. The dearth of high-quality evidence for LLS suggests a lack of awareness of, and interest in, the problem, and therefore, the unmet need among patients and their carers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.