ArticleSexually transmitted infections2014
High-risk human papillomavirus viral load and persistence among heterosexual HIV-negative and HIV-positive men.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence of synergistic relationships between HIV and Human Papillomavirus (HPV): systematic reviews and meta-analyses of longitudinal studies of HPV acquisition and clearance by HIV status, and of HIV acquisition by HPV status.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Pooled it
- The incidence, clearance and persistence of non-cervical human papillomavirus infections: a systematic review of the literature.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Higher HPV16 and HPV18 Penile Viral Loads Are Associated With Decreased Human Papillomavirus Clearance in Uncircumcised Kenyan Men.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2016Trial
- Transmission of genital human papillomavirus infection in couples: a population-based cohort study in rural China.Scientific reports · 2015Trial
- Longitudinal patterns of penile human papillomavirus detection among Ugandan men: A prospective sampling study.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
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- Prevalence and Spectrum of Second Primary Malignancies among People Living with HIV in the French Dat'AIDS Cohort.Cancers · 2022Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis follow-up and persistence in Colombian women.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Incidence, clearance, persistence and factors related with high-risk anal HPV persistence in South-East Asian MSM and transgender women.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Long-term Persistence of Oral HPV Over 7 Years of Follow-up.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2020Article
- HPV-FRAME: A consensus statement and quality framework for modelled evaluations of HPV-related cancer control.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Human Papillomavirus Viral Load and Transmission in Young, Recently Formed Heterosexual Couples.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Disparities by Sexual Orientation in Frequent Engagement in Cancer-Related Risk Behaviors: A 12-Year Follow-Up.American journal of public health · 2016Article
- Partner Human Papillomavirus Viral Load and Incident Human Papillomavirus Detection in Heterosexual Couples.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Anal human papillomavirus and HIV: A cross-sectional study among men who have sex with men in Moscow, Russia, 2012-2013.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2015Article
- Chlamydia trachomatis load in population-based screening and STI-clinics: implications for screening policy.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHigh-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) viral load is associated with HR-HPV transmission and HR-HPV persistence in women. It is unknown whether HR-HPV viral load is associated with persistence in HIV-negative or HIV-positive men.
methodsHR-HPV viral load and persistence were evaluated among 703 HIV-negative and 233 HIV-positive heterosexual men who participated in a male circumcision trial in Rakai, Uganda. Penile swabs were tested at baseline and 6, 12 and 24 months for HR-HPV using the Roche HPV Linear Array, which provides a semiquantitative measure of HPV shedding by hybridisation band intensity (graded: 1-4). Prevalence risk ratios (PRR) were used to estimate the association between HR-HPV viral load and persistent detection of HR-HPV.
resultsHR-HPV genotypes with high viral load (grade:3-4) at baseline were more likely to persist than HR-HPV genotypes with low viral load (grade: 1-2) among HIV-negative men (month 6: adjPRR=1.83, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.52; month 12: adjPRR=2.01, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.11), and HIV-positive men (month 6: adjPRR=1.33, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.67; month 12: adjPRR=1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.54). Long-term persistence of HR-HPV was more frequent among HIV-positive men compared with HIV-negative men (month 24: adjPRR=2.27, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.51). Persistence of newly detected HR-HPV at the 6-month and 12-month visits with high viral load were also more likely to persist to 24 months than HR-HPV with low viral load among HIV-negative men (adjPRR=1.67, 95% CI 0.88 to 3.16).
conclusionsHR-HPV genotypes with high viral load are more likely to persist among HIV-negative and HIV-positive men, though persistence was more common among HIV-positive men overall. The results may explain the association between high HR-HPV viral load and HR-HPV transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.