Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24481311›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2014

The role of ligand efficiency metrics in drug discovery.

Andrew L Hopkins, György M Keserü, Paul D Leeson, David C Rees, Charles H Reynolds

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 386 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
386citing papers in PubMed
113.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

386 citing papers in PubMed, 1,121 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Review
  16. Defining a lipophilicity window for the antimicrobial activity of 7-Alkoxy-3-Amino coumarin amphiphiles.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026
    Article
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  19. Molecular and Pharmacokinetic Rationale for the Use ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
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326 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Andrew L HopkinsDivision of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
György M KeserüResearch Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2., 1525 Budapest, PO Box 17, Hungary.
Paul D LeesonGlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
David C ReesAstex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK.
Charles H ReynoldsGfree Bio, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, USA.
Advanced Neural Dynamics (United States) · USGlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) · GBHUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences · HUUniversity of Dundee · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The judicious application of ligand or binding efficiency metrics, which quantify the molecular properties required to obtain binding affinity for a drug target, is gaining traction in the selection and optimization of fragments, hits and leads. Retrospective analysis of recently marketed oral drugs shows that they frequently have highly optimized ligand efficiency values for their targets. Optimizing ligand efficiency metrics based on both molecular mass and lipophilicity, when set in the context of the specific target, has the potential to ameliorate the inflation of these properties that has been observed in current medicinal chemistry practice, and to increase the quality of drug candidates.

Indexed as

Administration, OralChemical PhenomenaDatabases, FactualDrug DiscoveryHumansLigandsMolecular StructureMolecular WeightPharmaceutical PreparationsProtein BindingSmall Molecule LibrariesStructure-Activity RelationshipThermodynamicsLigandsPharmaceutical PreparationsSmall Molecule Libraries

Identifiers

PMID24481311
OpenAlexW2141528038

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.