ArticlePlant physiology2014
Manoyl oxide (13R), the biosynthetic precursor of forskolin, is synthesized in specialized root cork cells in Coleus forskohlii.
Article in Plant physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reinvestigation of the mechanism and selectivity of 1,8-cineole synthase usingChemical science · 2026Article
- A Review of Plant-Derived Diterpenoid Biosynthesis: From Structural Scaffold Diversity and Lineage-Associated Distribution to Enzyme Mining and Discovery Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Engineered microorganisms unlock a new era of diterpenoid biomanufacturing: recent advances and future perspectives.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2026Review
- Heterologous Production of Forskolin in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) via Glandular Trichome Specific Engineering and Metabolic Flux Redirection.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Diterpenoids in medicinal plants: structure, distribution, biological activities, biosynthesis, and bioengineering prospects.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Heterologous Production of the Structurally Complex Diterpenoid Forskolin inBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Microbial Squalene: A Sustainable Alternative for the Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Industry - A Review.Engineering in life sciences · 2024Review
- Enhancement of Forskolin Production Using Aeroponic Cultivation ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Advances in the Structures, Pharmacological Activities, and Biosynthesis of Plant Diterpenoids.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Chemical and transcriptomic analyses of leaf trichomes from Cistus creticus subsp. creticus reveal the biosynthetic pathways of certain labdane-type diterpenoids and their acetylated forms.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Article
- Pharmaceutical removal from wastewater by introducing cytochrome P450s into microalgae.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- From functional plasticity of two diterpene synthases (IrTPS2/IrKSL3a) to enzyme evolution.ACS catalysis · 2024Article
- Biotechnological interventions for the production of forskolin, an active compound from the medicinal plant,Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2024Review
- Sequence-Structure Analysis Unlocking the Potential Functional Application of the Local 3D Motifs of Plant-Derived Diterpene Synthases.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Plant Engineering to Enable Platforms for Sustainable Bioproduction of Terpenoids.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Miltiradiene Production by Cytoplasmic Metabolic Engineering inMetabolites · 2023Article
- Engineered production of isoprene from the model green microalgaMetabolic engineering communications · 2023Article
- Plant terpene specialized metabolism: complex networks or simple linear pathways?The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2023Review
- Uncovering a miltiradiene biosynthetic gene cluster in the Lamiaceae reveals a dynamic evolutionary trajectory.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Structural and mechanistic insights into the precise product synthesis by a bifunctional miltiradiene synthase.Plant biotechnology journal · 2023Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Forskolin, a complex labdane diterpenoid found in the root of Coleus forskohlii (Lamiaceae), has received attention for its broad range of pharmacological activities, yet the biosynthesis has not been elucidated. We detected forskolin in the root cork of C. forskohlii in a specialized cell type containing characteristic structures with histochemical properties consistent with oil bodies. Organelle purification and chemical analysis confirmed the localization of forskolin and of its simplest diterpene precursor backbone, (13R) manoyl oxide, to the oil bodies. The labdane diterpene backbone is typically synthesized by two successive reactions catalyzed by two distinct classes of diterpene synthases. We have recently described the identification of a small gene family of diterpene synthase candidates (CfTPSs) in C. forskohlii. Here, we report the functional characterization of four CfTPSs using in vitro and in planta assays. CfTPS2, which synthesizes the intermediate copal-8-ol diphosphate, in combination with CfTPS3 resulted in the stereospecific formation of (13R) manoyl oxide, while the combination of CfTPS1 and CfTPS3 or CfTPS4 led to formation of miltiradiene, precursor of abietane diterpenoids in C. forskohlii. Expression profiling and phylogenetic analysis of the CfTPS family further support the functional diversification and distinct roles of the individual diterpene synthases and the involvement of CfTPS1 to CfTPS4 in specialized metabolism and of CfTPS14 and CfTPS15 in general metabolism. Our findings pave the way toward the discovery of the remaining components of the pathway to forskolin, likely localized in this specialized cell type, and support a role of oil bodies as storage organelles for lipophilic bioactive metabolites.
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